15.4.2 Social Learning Theory

• What does Social Learning Theory (SLT) propose about how people learn aggressive behavior?

  By observing and imitating others
• One key component of SLT is modelling
• What is vicarious reinforcement in SLT?

  Learning through observing consequences
• A child who observes a peer rewarded for aggressive behavior is more likely to imitate it.
• How does vicarious reinforcement influence aggressive behavior in children according to SLT?

  Increases likelihood of imitation
• Arrange the steps of observational learning in the correct order according to SLT.

  1️⃣ Attention

  2️⃣ Retention

  3️⃣ Reproduction

  4️⃣ Motivation
• In observational learning, motivation arises from anticipated benefits or rewards
• Modelling in SLT involves observing and imitating others' behavior.
• What role does vicarious reinforcement play in aggressive behavior, according to SLT?

  Increases imitation probability
• Vicarious reinforcement occurs when others are rewarded for aggressive behavior.
• Match the steps of observational learning with their descriptions.

  Attention ↔️ Noticing the model's behavior

  Retention ↔️ Remembering what was observed

  Reproduction ↔️ Replicating the observed behavior

  Motivation ↔️ Being motivated to perform the behavior
• Why is reproduction a key step in observational learning?

  To replicate observed behavior
• Motivation in observational learning arises from anticipated benefits or rewards.
• A child who watches a parent handle a difficult situation calmly is more likely to imitate this behavior.
• What is the role of vicarious punishment in SLT?

  Reduces imitation probability
• If a child watches a parent handle a difficult situation calmly and the outcome is positive, the child is more likely to imitate this behavior
• Observational learning involves noticing the model's behavior, remembering it, replicating it, and being motivated by anticipated rewards.
• Steps involved in observational learning

  1️⃣ Attention

  2️⃣ Retention

  3️⃣ Reproduction

  4️⃣ Motivation
• What effect does vicarious reinforcement have on imitation?

  Increases
• Vicarious reinforcement occurs when others receive positive outcomes for their behavior
• Vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment both influence how individuals learn and adapt to social norms.
• What are key cognitive processes involved in aggression?

  Cognitive appraisals, attribution biases, rumination
• Feeling threatened by a challenge is an example of defensive aggression
• Social Learning Theory proposes that individuals learn aggressive behavior by observing and imitating others.
• What is the term for observing and imitating others' behavior in SLT?

  Modelling
• A child learning to argue aggressively by watching parents is an example of modelling
• Observational learning involves noticing, remembering, replicating, and being motivated to perform the observed behavior.
• Steps involved in observational learning

  1️⃣ Attention

  2️⃣ Retention

  3️⃣ Reproduction

  4️⃣ Motivation
• What is the first step in observational learning?

  Attention
• Vicarious reinforcement occurs when others are rewarded for their actions
• Vicarious punishment decreases the likelihood of imitating a behavior.
• What are three key cognitive processes involved in aggression?

  Cognitive appraisals, attribution biases, rumination
• Feeling threatened by a challenge is an example of defensive aggression
• Modelling, reinforcement, social context, and cognitive processes influence the learning of aggressive behavior.
• Match the factor influencing aggression with its example:

  Modelling ↔️ A child learns to argue by watching parents

  Reinforcement ↔️ A student bullies classmates and gets good grades

  Social Context ↔️ High crime rates in a community increase aggression

  Cognitive Processes ↔️ Assuming a bump is intentional leads to anger
• What is a limitation of Social Learning Theory in explaining aggression?

  Ignores biology
• Social Learning Theory effectively explains how environmental factors contribute to learned aggressive behaviors.