2.3.2 Governance and Administration

• What was the primary reason for Richard I's frequent absences during his reign?

  Military campaigns
• Hubert Walter, the Archbishop of Canterbury, stabilized finances and strengthened the judicial system.
• What was scutage, and how did it contribute to Richard I's revenue?

  Tax in lieu of military service
• Richard I's financial strategies were crucial for maintaining England's stability despite his prolonged absences.
• What is the formula for calculating total scutage income?

  $Total Scutage Income =$$Scutage Rate per Knight × Number of Knights Paying Scutage$
• Match the financial policy with its purpose:

  Scutage ↔️ Raise funds from knights

  Church Taxes ↔️ Leverage the church's wealth

  Royal Demesne Sales ↔️ Increase revenue by selling land

  Loans and Gifts ↔️ Secure funds from nobles
• What was the impact of Royal Demesne Sales and Leases on long-term income?

  Reduced long-term income
• Church taxes contributed significantly to revenue but risked friction with the clergy.
• William Longchamp served as Chief Justiciar and Chancellor, clashing with John.
• What was the purpose of the General Eyre in Richard I's reign?

  Ensure fair trials and uniform laws
• Keepers of the Peace enhanced local law enforcement and reduced reliance on local lords.
• Order the cooperative aspects of Richard I's relationship with the nobility:

  1️⃣ Nobles supported Richard's military campaigns

  2️⃣ Nobles accepted appointed regents
• Which conflict led to William Longchamp's dismissal as regent?

  Rebellion by barons
• Richard I's reign was marked by frequent absences, during which England was governed by regents
• Match the regent with their period of governance and responsibilities:

  William Longchamp ↔️ 1190-1191, centralized administration

  Hubert Walter ↔️ 1193-1198, stabilized finances
• Scutage was a tax paid by knights instead of serving in the military
• The General Eyre was introduced to improve local judicial administration and increase royal control.
• What financial strategy allowed knights to pay instead of military service?

  Scutage
• Arrange the financial policies of Richard I in order of their primary purpose:

  1️⃣ Scutage - Allow knights to pay instead of serving

  2️⃣ Royal Demesne Sales - Raise funds from selling royal lands

  3️⃣ Church Taxes - Levy taxes on church wealth

  4️⃣ Loans and Gifts - Seek donations from nobles
• The General Eyre improved local judicial administration and increased royal control.
• Keepers of the Peace were appointed to maintain order and resolve disputes in local communities
• What formula calculates the total income from fines and fees in Richard I's judicial system?

  $Fines +$$Fees$
• Match the conflict with its outcome and key figures:

  William Longchamp's Policies ↔️ Rebellion by barons, Longchamp's dismissal

  Financial Burdens ↔️ Discontent among barons, minor uprisings
• Cooperation with nobles ensured stability and funding during Richard I's absences
• Total funds from nobles during Richard I's reign included taxes, loans, and gifts.
• Who served as the justiciar during Richard I's reign and faced baronial rebellion?

  William Longchamp
• The regent during Richard I's absence who improved stability was Hubert Walter
• Which castle was built to fortify the English border against France during Richard I's reign?

  Château Gaillard
• The Crusades led to increased trade routes to the East, expanding European commerce.
• Scutage and church tithes were levied to fund the Crusades
• Match the alliance with its purpose and benefits for Richard I:

  Holy Roman Empire ↔️ Secure neutrality, trade concessions

  Kingdom of France ↔️ Strategic support, shared interests
• Heavy taxation during Richard I's reign led to discontent and occasional revolts by English barons.
• What were two key aspects of Richard I's legacy in English governance?

  Financial stability and legal reforms