1D.6.2.2 The Invasion and James II's Flight

• Why did political tensions arise during James II's reign?

  Promotion of Catholicism
• Religious tensions under James II escalated with the *Declaration of Indulgence
• The Declaration of Indulgence granted tolerance to Catholics and non-conformists.
• What was the impact of James II's religious policies on the Church of England?

  Undermined its authority
• James II's promotion of Catholicism led to increased anti-Catholic
• James II's appointment of Catholics to key positions heightened anti-Catholic sentiment.
• Match the area of tension with its cause:

  Religious Policy ↔️ Promotion of Catholicism

  Declaration of Indulgence ↔️ Granted tolerance to Catholics and non-conformists
• What was William of Orange's role in the Dutch Republic?

  Stadtholder
• Chronological milestones in William of Orange's rise to prominence:

  1️⃣ Appointed Stadtholder in 1672

  2️⃣ Defended against French invasion 1672-1678

  3️⃣ Married Mary II of England in 1677
• What was the primary cause of political tensions during James II's reign?

  Promotion of Catholicism
• James II's Declaration of Indulgence granted tolerance to Catholics and non-conformists.
• James II's religious policy focused on promoting Catholicism
• What was the impact of the Declaration of Indulgence on Anglican supporters?

  Alienated them
• The appointment of Catholics to key positions heightened anti-Catholic sentiment.
• Which Catholic was appointed as Lord Chancellor by James II?

  Jeffreys
• William of Orange was born into the noble House of Orange-Nassau
• In what year was William of Orange appointed Stadtholder?

  1672
• William of Orange's marriage to Mary II of England in 1677 created a significant European alliance.
• The Seven Lords Immortal invited William of Orange to invade England in 1688
• Who was the Bishop of London among the Seven Lords Immortal?

  Henry Compton
• The diverse political affiliations of the Seven Lords Immortal reflect widespread opposition to James II's rule.
• How many troops did William of Orange gather for his invasion fleet?

  40,000
• William of Orange chose to land his invasion fleet at Torbay
• Timeline of key events in William of Orange's invasion of England

  1️⃣ Invitation to William (June 1688)

  2️⃣ Assembling the Fleet (June-October 1688)

  3️⃣ Launch of the Fleet (October 19, 1688)

  4️⃣ Landing at Torbay (November 5, 1688)
• What was the impact of James II's promotion of Catholicism on the Church of England?

  Undermined it
• William of Orange became Stadtholder in 1672 after uniting the Dutch against the French invasion.
• The Seven Lords Immortal invited William of Orange to depose James II due to his unpopular policies.
• Which of the Seven Lords Immortal was an Earl of Devonshire?

  William Cavendish
• The involvement of both Whig and Tory nobles in the Invitation to William highlights widespread dissatisfaction with James II's rule.
• Why were William of Orange and James II rivals in $1688$?


  James' unpopular pro-Catholic policies
• The Invitation to William was sent in 1688
• Who were the Seven Lords Immortal?

  English nobles who invited William
• Steps in William of Orange's strategic planning for the invasion of England

  1️⃣ Assemble an invasion fleet

  2️⃣ Secure support from Parliament

  3️⃣ Ensure logistics and supplies

  4️⃣ Gather intelligence about English defenses

  5️⃣ Choose Torbay as the landing location

  6️⃣ Maintain coordination with English allies
• Why did William of Orange choose Torbay as his landing location?

  Favorable conditions and local support
• William of Orange landed at Torbay on November 5, 1688.
• William of Orange's landing marked the beginning of the Glorious Revolution.
• What was James II's response to William of Orange's invasion?

  He fled England
• James II's flight to France allowed William of Orange to take the throne, leading to the Glorious Revolution.
• Why did desertions occur in James II's army during William's invasion?

  Lack of loyalty and economic hardship
• The Declaration of Indulgence granted tolerance to Catholics and non-conformists.