14.4.1 Self-Report Scales

• Self-report scales measure stress by asking individuals to report their own experiences and feelings through questionnaires or surveys
• Self-report scales include questionnaires and structured interviews.
• Which self-report scale asks about thoughts and feelings during the past month?

  Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
• Structured interviews use standardized questions to capture consistent data.
• What type of data do structured interviews typically collect based on verbal answers?

  Categorical or numerical data
• Order the features of self-report scales based on their objectivity, from most objective to least objective:

  1️⃣ Numerical scales

  2️⃣ Categorical data

  3️⃣ Verbal responses

  4️⃣ Subjective interpretations
• Structured interviews use standardized questions, while questionnaires allow participants to rate their stress levels on a scale
• Questionnaires are more time-consuming than structured interviews.

  False
• Match the self-report scale with its example:

  Questionnaires ↔️ Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

  Structured Interviews ↔️ Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
• Self-report scales for measuring stress include two primary types: questionnaires and structured interviews.
• The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is an example of a questionnaire used to measure stress levels.
• The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) is an example of a structured interview.
• Match the features with the correct type of self-report scale:

  Self-administered ↔️ Questionnaires

  Administered by a researcher ↔️ Structured Interviews
• In questionnaires, participants rate their stress levels or emotional states on a scale.
• Structured interviews use standardized questions to capture consistent data.
• Steps involved in using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS):

  1️⃣ Respondents complete the questionnaire

  2️⃣ Researchers analyze the numerical data

  3️⃣ Stress levels are interpreted
• The Daily Hassles and Uplifts Scale (DHUS) measures stress by assessing minor irritations and positive events.
• Daily hassles include tasks like traffic jams or small arguments.
• Match the scale with its focus:

  DHUS ↔️ Daily irritations and positive events

  PSS ↔️ General stress levels

  SRRS ↔️ Life events
• Self-report scales provide subjective data based on self-perception.
• What are the two primary types of self-report scales for measuring stress?

  Questionnaires and Structured Interviews
• Participants rate their stress levels or emotional states on a scale
• Structured interviews are self-administered by participants.

  False
• Which self-report scale measures perceived stress levels using numerical scales?

  Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
• Structured interviews collect data in categorical or numerical
• Self-report scales differ in their administration, format, and data collection.
• What does the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) measure?

  Perceived stress in life
• The Daily Hassles and Uplifts Scale (DHUS) measures everyday stress by assessing daily irritations and positive events
• Match the scale with its focus:

  DHUS ↔️ Daily irritations and uplifts

  PSS ↔️ General stress levels

  SRRS ↔️ Major life changes
• What is the purpose of Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS)?

  Measure perceived stress
• Self-report scales are cost-effective and efficient for large groups.
• Self-report scales are highly accessible and can reach diverse populations
• What is social desirability bias in self-report scales?

  Providing socially acceptable answers
• Ordering the applications of self-report scales in stress research

  1️⃣ Measuring perceived stress levels

  2️⃣ Identifying sources of stress

  3️⃣ Evaluating stress management interventions
• Psychologists use the CPSS to measure stress levels in workplace environments.