13.5 Biological Explanations for Obesity

    Cards (29)

    • What is the clinical definition of obesity based on BMI?
      ≥ 30 kg/m²
    • BMI is calculated using the formula: \frac{weight \space \in \space kg}{(height \space \in \space m)^{2}}</latex>
    • A high waist circumference indicates abdominal fat accumulation.
    • What waist circumference is considered high for males?
      > 102 cm
    • What waist circumference is considered high for females?
      > 88 cm
    • The hormone leptin signals satiety to the brain, reducing appetite
    • What does the MC4R gene regulate in the hypothalamus?
      Energy intake and expenditure
    • Mutations in the leptin gene lead to reduced leptin sensitivity.
    • Match the genetic factor with its function and impact on obesity:
      Leptin ↔️ Signals satiety; reduced sensitivity leads to overeating
      MC4R Gene ↔️ Regulates energy intake; mutations increase food intake
    • Which hormone stimulates appetite and is released by the stomach?
      Ghrelin
    • Insulin resistance can lead to increased blood glucose levels, triggering more insulin release and fat storage
    • Match the hormone with its function and impact on obesity:
      Leptin ↔️ Signals satiety; decreased sensitivity leads to overeating
      Ghrelin ↔️ Stimulates appetite; elevated levels increase food intake
      Insulin ↔️ Regulates blood sugar; resistance promotes fat storage
    • What is the function of leptin in regulating body weight?
      Signals satiety
    • What is the function of ghrelin in regulating body weight?
      Stimulates appetite
    • Dysregulation of ghrelin can contribute to obesity.
    • Leptin is produced by fat cells.
    • What hormone stimulates appetite?
      Ghrelin
    • Leptin, produced by fat cells, signals satiety
    • Dysregulation of leptin or ghrelin can contribute to obesity.
    • Match the brain area with its function:
      Hypothalamus ↔️ Regulates hunger and satiety
      Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) ↔️ Signals fullness
      Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) ↔️ Stimulates appetite
    • What neurotransmitter is released in the reward system to reinforce eating behaviors?
      Dopamine
    • The hypothalamus regulates hunger and satiety
    • What is the BMI threshold for obesity?
      ≥ 30 kg/m²
    • A waist circumference > 102 cm for males indicates obesity.
    • Match the genetic factor with its function:
      Leptin ↔️ Signals satiety
      MC4R Gene ↔️ Regulates energy intake and expenditure
    • What hormone is released by the stomach to stimulate appetite?
      Ghrelin
    • The ventromedial hypothalamus signals fullness
    • What genetic factor is associated with reduced leptin sensitivity?
      Leptin
    • Biological explanations for obesity often neglect environmental factors.
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