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AQA A-Level Psychology
Unit 13: Eating Behaviour
13.5 Biological Explanations for Obesity
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What is the clinical definition of obesity based on BMI?
≥ 30 kg/m²
BMI is calculated using the formula:
\frac{weight \space \in \space kg}{(height \space \in \space m)^{2}}</latex>
A high waist circumference indicates
abdominal fat
accumulation.
What waist circumference is considered high for males?
> 102 cm
What waist circumference is considered high for females?
> 88 cm
The hormone leptin signals satiety to the brain, reducing
appetite
What does the MC4R gene regulate in the hypothalamus?
Energy intake and expenditure
Mutations in the leptin
gene
lead to reduced leptin sensitivity.
Match the genetic factor with its function and impact on obesity:
Leptin ↔️ Signals satiety; reduced sensitivity leads to overeating
MC4R Gene ↔️ Regulates energy intake; mutations increase food intake
Which hormone stimulates appetite and is released by the stomach?
Ghrelin
Insulin resistance can lead to increased blood glucose levels, triggering more insulin release and fat
storage
Match the hormone with its function and impact on obesity:
Leptin ↔️ Signals satiety; decreased sensitivity leads to overeating
Ghrelin ↔️ Stimulates appetite; elevated levels increase food intake
Insulin ↔️ Regulates blood sugar; resistance promotes fat storage
What is the function of leptin in regulating body weight?
Signals satiety
What is the function of ghrelin in regulating body weight?
Stimulates appetite
Dysregulation of ghrelin can contribute to
obesity
.
Leptin is produced by
fat cells
.
What hormone stimulates appetite?
Ghrelin
Leptin, produced by fat cells, signals
satiety
Dysregulation of leptin or ghrelin can contribute to
obesity
.
Match the brain area with its function:
Hypothalamus ↔️ Regulates hunger and satiety
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) ↔️ Signals fullness
Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) ↔️ Stimulates appetite
What neurotransmitter is released in the reward system to reinforce eating behaviors?
Dopamine
The hypothalamus regulates hunger and
satiety
What is the BMI threshold for obesity?
≥ 30 kg/m²
A waist circumference > 102 cm for males indicates
obesity
.
Match the genetic factor with its function:
Leptin ↔️ Signals satiety
MC4R Gene ↔️ Regulates energy intake and expenditure
What hormone is released by the stomach to stimulate appetite?
Ghrelin
The ventromedial hypothalamus signals
fullness
What genetic factor is associated with reduced leptin sensitivity?
Leptin
Biological explanations for obesity often neglect
environmental
factors.
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