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AQA GCSE Food Preparation and Nutrition
3.2 Food, Nutrition, and Health
3.2.4 Energy Balance
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Energy balance refers to the relationship between energy intake and energy
expenditure
In a state of energy balance, energy intake equals energy
expenditure
Order the three states of energy balance based on their outcomes
1️⃣ Weight maintenance
2️⃣ Weight gain
3️⃣ Weight loss
An energy surplus occurs when energy intake exceeds energy
expenditure
An
energy deficit
leads to weight loss
What is energy intake measured in?
Calories or kilojoules
Carbohydrates provide an average of 4 calories per
100g
Proteins provide the same energy content as
carbohydrates
How many calories does fat provide per 100g?
9 calories
Fats provide 9 calories per 100g, which is equivalent to 37
kilojoules
Energy balance is the relationship between energy
intake
and expenditure
In positive energy balance, energy intake is less than energy expenditure
False
Carbohydrates provide an average of 4 calories per
100g
Fats provide more than twice the energy of
carbohydrates
What are the three components of energy expenditure?
BMR, activity, TEF
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) accounts for 60-75% of total energy
expenditure
The Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) accounts for
10%
of total energy expenditure
What happens to excess energy in positive energy balance?
Stored as fat
Excess energy in positive energy balance is stored primarily as fat in
adipose
tissue
Match the energy balance state with its outcomes:
Positive ↔️ Weight gain
Negative ↔️ Weight loss
Order the components of energy expenditure by their percentage of total expenditure
1️⃣ Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
2️⃣ Activity Expenditure
3️⃣ Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is affected by age, gender, and
muscle mass
What does the body use for energy in negative energy balance?
Stored fat
In negative energy balance, energy expenditure exceeds energy
intake
What occurs during positive energy balance?
Energy intake exceeds expenditure
During positive energy balance, excess energy is stored primarily as
fat
Weight gain is a common outcome of
positive energy balance
.
What is the key equation for positive energy balance?
Energy Intake
>
Energy Expenditure
=
\text{Energy Intake} > \text{Energy Expenditure} =
Energy Intake
>
Energy Expenditure
=
Fat Storage
\text{Fat Storage}
Fat Storage
In negative energy balance, the body draws upon stored
fat
Weight loss is a common outcome of
negative energy balance
.
What is the key equation for negative energy balance?
\text{Energy Intake} < \text{Energy Expenditure} = \text{Fat Breakdown}</latex>
Match the energy balance state with its outcome:
Energy Balance ↔️ Weight maintenance
Positive ↔️ Weight gain
Negative ↔️ Weight loss
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) accounts for 60-75% of total energy
expenditure
Genetics can influence a person's
BMR
and predisposition to weight gain or loss.
What does Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) represent?
Total energy used in a day
Match the component of TDEE with its percentage:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) ↔️ 60-75%
Activity Expenditure ↔️ 15-30%
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) ↔️ 10%
The TDEE calculation formula is:
TDEE
=
\text{TDEE} =
TDEE
=
BMR
+
\text{BMR} +
BMR
+
Activity Expenditure
+
\text{Activity Expenditure} +
Activity Expenditure
+
TEF
\text{TEF}
TEF
, where TEF stands for Thermic Effect of Food
Age, gender, and muscle mass are factors that affect
TDEE
.
What are the three states of energy balance?
Energy balance, surplus, deficit
Energy intake is measured in
calories
See all 52 cards
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