1C.2 Henry VIII and the Reformation

• What were the two main issues that led to the Reformation in Europe?

  Corruption and theological disputes
• Critics of the Catholic Church included humanists like Erasmus
• The sale of indulgences was criticized for allowing people to buy their way into heaven.
• Who was a key figure who challenged the Catholic Church and paved the way for the English Reformation?

  Martin Luther
• One primary reason for Henry VIII's desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon was his need for a male heir
• Catherine of Aragon was likely to bear a male heir after several unsuccessful pregnancies.

  False
• Why did Anne Boleyn refuse to be Henry VIII's mistress?

  She wanted marriage
• The growing discontent with the Catholic Church in Europe allowed Henry VIII to challenge the Pope's authority
• Chronological events leading to Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon:

  1️⃣ Catherine fails to produce a male heir

  2️⃣ Henry seeks an annulment from Pope Clement VII

  3️⃣ The Pope refuses the annulment
• Who challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, influencing the English Reformation?

  Martin Luther
• Henry VIII's desire for a male heir was driven by the need to ensure the stability of the Tudor dynasty.
• Catherine of Aragon was likely to bear a male heir after several unsuccessful pregnancies.

  False
• Why did Anne Boleyn refuse to become Henry VIII's mistress?

  She insisted on marriage
• Chronological order of events leading to Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon

  1️⃣ Failure to produce a male heir

  2️⃣ Henry seeks annulment from Pope Clement VII

  3️⃣ Anne Boleyn refuses to be a mistress

  4️⃣ Growing discontent with the Catholic Church
• In 1527, Henry VIII sought an annulment from Pope Clement VII, citing Leviticus 20:21.
• What was one of the primary factors that allowed Henry VIII to challenge the Pope's authority?

  Reformation in Europe
• Humanists like Erasmus criticized the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church.
• Match the aspect with its description in the context of the Reformation:

  Practices ↔️ Sale of indulgences criticized

  Clergy ↔️ Abused power, demanded reform

  Theology ↔️ Dogmatic, challenged by reformers
• The sale of indulgences allowed people to buy their way into heaven.
• What role did Thomas Cromwell play in the reign of Henry VIII?

  Master Secretary
• Thomas Cromwell oversaw the dissolution of the monasteries during his tenure as Vicar General.
• What did the Act of Supremacy of 1534 declare Henry VIII as?

  Supreme Head of the Church of England
• The Church of England replaced Latin with English as its official language.
• Match the aspect of the Church with its change during the Reformation:

  Head ↔️ Pope replaced by King

  Language ↔️ Latin replaced by English

  Clergy Marriage ↔️ Forbidden became allowed

  Doctrines ↔️ Fixed became revised
• Why did Henry VIII believe a male heir was necessary for the Tudor dynasty?

  To ensure stability
• In 1527, Henry VIII sought an annulment from Pope Clement VII citing Leviticus 20:21.
• Thomas Cromwell held the title of Vicar General from 1535 to 1540.
• What were the two primary motivations for the Dissolution of the Monasteries?

  Economic and religious
• Match the motivation with its description for the Dissolution of the Monasteries:

  Economic ↔️ Fund royal treasury

  Religious ↔️ Address corruption in monasteries
• After the Reformation, the nobility and merchant class gained significant economic power.
• Parishes took on greater responsibility for welfare services after the Reformation.
• What were the two classes that gained economic power after the Reformation in England?

  Nobility and merchant class
• The clergy acted as key welfare providers in the social structure before the Reformation.
• Which institutions were responsible for welfare during the pre-Reformation era?

  Monasteries
• The Church held vast lands before the Reformation.
• What was the driving force behind the economy after the Reformation?

  Increased trade
• Parishes took on greater responsibility for local welfare
• The Reformation altered both the social structure and economy of England.
• Match the pre-Reformation and post-Reformation aspects:

  Social Structure (Pre-Reformation) ↔️ Clergy as welfare providers

  Social Structure (Post-Reformation) ↔️ Nobility and merchant class gaining power

  Land Ownership (Pre-Reformation) ↔️ Church held vast lands

  Land Ownership (Post-Reformation) ↔️ Nobility and merchant class acquire land
• What began to replace monasteries in providing welfare after the Reformation?

  Parishes