1B.5 Spain under Philip II

• What years did Philip II reign as King of Spain?

  1556–1598
• Philip II's reign is known as the Golden Age
• Philip II focused on centralizing power and improving administration through councils and secretaries.
• What were two countries Philip II engaged in conflicts with to expand Spanish influence?

  Netherlands and England
• Philip II's religious policy aimed to maintain Catholic orthodoxy by supporting the Counter-Reformation
• What was the name of the institution used by Philip II to enforce Catholic orthodoxy?

  Inquisition
• Heavy war spending and inflation during Philip II's reign caused poverty among the people.
• The Dutch revolt against Spanish rule led to a prolonged conflict and the loss of territory
• What was the name of the Spanish naval fleet defeated by England in 1588?

  Spanish Armada
• Order the key events during Philip II's reign:

  1️⃣ Philip II becomes King of Spain

  2️⃣ Dutch Rebellion begins

  3️⃣ Defeat of the Spanish Armada

  4️⃣ Philip II dies
• What were two domestic achievements of Philip II's reign?

  Centralized administration and improved infrastructure
• Philip II's foreign policy is considered a failure due to the defeat of the Spanish Armada
• Philip II's reign was a mix of significant successes and substantial failures.
• What economic challenges did Philip II face during his reign?

  Heavy war spending and inflation
• What was the outcome of Philip II's conflict with England?

  Failed invasion of England
• Philip II's use of the Inquisition to suppress heresy resulted in religious tensions
• Philip II's reign marked the zenith of Spanish power.