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Component 1: Breadth Study
1B Spain in the Age of Discovery, 1469–1598 (A-level only)
1B.5 Spain under Philip II
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What years did Philip II reign as King of Spain?
1556–1598
Philip II's reign is known as the
Golden
Age
Philip II focused on centralizing power and improving administration through
councils
and secretaries.
What were two countries Philip II engaged in conflicts with to expand Spanish influence?
Netherlands and England
Philip II's religious policy aimed to maintain Catholic orthodoxy by supporting the
Counter-Reformation
What was the name of the institution used by Philip II to enforce Catholic orthodoxy?
Inquisition
Heavy war spending and inflation during
Philip II's
reign caused poverty among the people.
The Dutch revolt against Spanish rule led to a prolonged conflict and the loss of
territory
What was the name of the Spanish naval fleet defeated by England in 1588?
Spanish Armada
Order the key events during Philip II's reign:
1️⃣ Philip II becomes King of Spain
2️⃣ Dutch Rebellion begins
3️⃣ Defeat of the Spanish Armada
4️⃣ Philip II dies
What were two domestic achievements of Philip II's reign?
Centralized administration and improved infrastructure
Philip II's foreign policy is considered a failure due to the defeat of the Spanish
Armada
Philip II's
reign was a mix of significant successes and substantial failures.
What economic challenges did Philip II face during his reign?
Heavy war spending and inflation
What was the outcome of Philip II's conflict with England?
Failed invasion of England
Philip II's use of the Inquisition to suppress heresy resulted in religious
tensions
Philip II's reign marked the zenith of
Spanish
power.
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