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AQA A-Level Psychology
8. Issues and Debates in Psychology
8.6 Ethical Implications of Research Studies and Theory
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What does confidentiality in research refer to?
Protecting participants' data
Non-maleficence in research means avoiding harm to
participants
physically or psychologically.
Informed consent requires participants to agree to participate
voluntarily
What should the purpose of the study include in the informed consent process?
Clear explanation of research goals
Steps in the informed consent process
1️⃣ Explain the purpose of the study
2️⃣ Describe the procedures
3️⃣ List potential risks and benefits
4️⃣ Emphasize voluntary participation
5️⃣ Assure confidentiality
What is the difference between confidentiality and privacy in research?
Data vs. personal space
Researchers can ensure confidentiality by using
pseudonyms
Secure data storage is essential for maintaining
confidentiality
in research.
Why is deception sometimes used in psychological research?
To avoid demand characteristics
One justification for deception is avoiding experimenter
bias
Deception in research may cause distrust and negative emotions in
participants
.
What are ethical implications in psychological research defined as?
Potential consequences of a study
Ethical implications in research involve issues such as informed consent, confidentiality, and potential harm to
participants
A study involving deception may raise ethical implications related to participants'
trust
in research.
Why are ethical principles important in research studies?
To ensure participant well-being
Informed consent ensures participants understand the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and
benefits
What is a key ethical consideration when using deception in research?
Ensuring no significant harm
What was the true purpose of Stanley Milgram's obedience experiment?
To observe compliance with authority
One ethical consideration is debriefing participants post-
experiment
What is deception in psychological research?
Misleading participants about a study
Thorough debriefing is a safeguard against
deception
in research.
What is one advantage of deception in research?
Allows study of real behavior
Deception may cause distrust and negative
emotions
Steps to address ethical considerations in research
1️⃣ Ensure no significant harm
2️⃣ Debrief participants
3️⃣ Gain ethics committee approval
What are ethical implications in psychological research?
Consequences of a study
A study involving deception may have ethical implications related to participants'
trust
.
Match the ethical principle with its definition:
Informed Consent ↔️ Voluntary agreement to participate
Confidentiality ↔️ Protecting participants' data
Beneficence ↔️ Maximizing benefits, minimizing harm
Non-Maleficence ↔️ Avoiding harm to participants
Informed consent requires participants to understand the study's
aims
What does confidentiality in research ensure?
Protection of personal data
Steps to ensure ethical research practices
1️⃣ Obtain informed consent
2️⃣ Protect confidentiality
3️⃣ Minimize harm
Beneficence in
research
involves maximizing benefits and minimizing harm.
What is the purpose of non-maleficence in research?
To avoid harm to participants
Respect for persons recognizes participants' autonomy and
dignity
Justice in research ensures fair treatment without
discrimination
.
What is informed consent in psychological research?
Voluntary agreement to participate
Match the element of informed consent with its description:
Purpose of the Study ↔️ Clear explanation of research goals
Procedures ↔️ Detailed description of methods
Confidentiality ↔️ Assurance of data protection
Voluntary Participation ↔️ Right to withdraw without penalty
Confidentiality protects participants' data and avoids revealing their
identities
What is the primary focus of confidentiality in psychological research?
Data protection and anonymity
Confidentiality in research protects the data collected from participants and does not reveal their
identities
Confidentiality ensures trust between
researchers
and participants.
See all 93 cards
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