1A.5 The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople

• The Fourth Crusade initially aimed to recapture Jerusalem from the Ayyubid
• The Republic of Venice diverted the Fourth Crusade to Zara in exchange for financial concessions.
• Match the key figure or power with their role in the Fourth Crusade:

  Pope Innocent III ↔️ Called for the Crusade

  Republic of Venice ↔️ Provided transport

  Boniface of Montferrat ↔️ Led the Crusaders

  Byzantine Empire ↔️ Target of the Crusaders

  Ayyubid dynasty ↔️ Controlled Jerusalem
• What was the original goal of the Fourth Crusade?

  Recapture Jerusalem
• The Crusaders were pressured to attack Zara because they could not pay their debt to the Republic of Venice.
• Sequence the events leading to the attack on Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade:

  1️⃣ Debt to Venice

  2️⃣ Attack on Zara

  3️⃣ Intervention in Byzantine succession

  4️⃣ Overthrow of Alexius IV
• The political instability within the Byzantine Empire contributed to the Crusaders' decision to attack Constantinople.
• The Sack of Constantinople in 1204 began with the Crusaders breaching the city's defenses.
• What was the immediate impact of the Sack of Constantinople in 1204?

  Widespread looting
• Pope Innocent III excommunicated the Crusaders for attacking Constantinople.
• The attack on Zara deepened animosity between the Crusaders and the Byzantines.
• Chronological order of the events of the Sack of Constantinople in 1204

  1️⃣ Crusaders breached Constantinople's defenses

  2️⃣ Widespread looting and destruction of the city

  3️⃣ Crusaders captured relics and treasures

  4️⃣ Establishment of the Latin Empire
• The Sack of Constantinople in 1204 was a pivotal event during the Fourth Crusade
• The initial assault by the Crusaders led to the immediate collapse of Constantinople's defenses.
• The Crusaders engaged in widespread looting and destruction
• The Crusaders captured valuable relics and treasures during the sack of Constantinople.
• The Crusaders established the Latin Empire, with Baldwin of Flanders
• The Sack of Constantinople marked a significant turning point in the history of the Byzantine Empire.
• What political instability resulted from the Sack of Constantinople?

  Fragmented successor states
• The city's wealth was plundered, halting trade and commerce
• The cultural devastation during the sack included the destruction of churches and libraries.
• What three key areas were weakened by the Sack of Constantinople?

  Political, economic, cultural
• The Fourth Crusade redirected Crusading efforts away from the Holy Land.
• The Fourth Crusade led to a division between Eastern and Western Christianity
• What was the primary focus of the Crusades before the Fourth Crusade?

  Recapturing Jerusalem
• Match the pre-Fourth Crusade and post-Fourth Crusade goals:

  Pre-Fourth Crusade ↔️ Recapturing Jerusalem

  Post-Fourth Crusade ↔️ Political and economic gains
• The Fourth Crusade deepened the division between Eastern and Western Christianity.
• The sack of Constantinople in 1204 marked a turning point, after which the Crusades were viewed with increasing skepticism
• The Crusades initially aimed to recapture Jerusalem
• The Crusades led to deepened unity between Eastern and Western Christianity.

  False
• Crusading momentum declined after the sack of Constantinople
• What was the initial goal of the Fourth Crusade?

  Recapture Jerusalem
• Match the Crusading aspects with their changes:

  Crusading Goals ↔️ From Jerusalem to political gains

  Christian Unity ↔️ Deepened division

  Crusading Momentum ↔️ Declined enthusiasm
• Which dynasty controlled Jerusalem during the Fourth Crusade?

  Ayyubid dynasty
• The Republic of Venice diverted the Fourth Crusade's goals for economic gain.
• What city replaced Jerusalem as the primary target of the Fourth Crusade?

  Constantinople
• The Republic of Venice motivated the Crusaders to attack Constantinople for economic and strategic gain
• Match the key figures with their roles in the Fourth Crusade:

  Pope Innocent III ↔️ Called for the Crusade

  Republic of Venice ↔️ Provided transport and financial support

  Boniface of Montferrat ↔️ Leader of the Crusade
• Order the events leading to the attack on Constantinople:

  1️⃣ Debt to Venice

  2️⃣ Attack on Zara

  3️⃣ Intervention in Byzantine succession

  4️⃣ Overthrow of Alexius IV
• The Fourth Crusade culminated in the devastating sacking of Constantinople