7.1.4 Types of Experiment

    Cards (92)

    • What is the experimental method used to establish?
      Cause-and-effect relationships
    • The independent variable (IV) is the factor manipulated by the researcher to influence the outcome
    • Extraneous variables must be minimized to ensure accurate conclusions.
    • What is the independent variable (IV) in an experiment?
      The manipulated factor
    • Controlled variables are conditions kept consistent across experimental groups to eliminate their influence
    • Order the steps involved in testing the effect of caffeine on reaction time.
      1️⃣ Caffeine levels are manipulated
      2️⃣ Reaction time is measured
      3️⃣ Temperature and lighting are controlled
      4️⃣ Extraneous variables are managed
    • The dependent variable (DV) is manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on the IV.
      False
    • What are the three main types of experiments?
      Lab, Field, Natural
    • Lab experiments have high control over variables but low ecological validity.
    • Field experiments have higher ecological validity than lab experiments.
    • Why do natural experiments lack direct control over the independent variable?
      It changes naturally
    • Match the feature of a lab experiment with its description.
      Controlled Setting ↔️ Conditions are standardized
      Manipulation of IV ↔️ Researchers intentionally change the IV
      Measurement of DV ↔️ Assess the outcome of the IV manipulation
      Controlled Conditions ↔️ Strict protocols ensure consistency
    • Controlled conditions in lab experiments minimize the influence of extraneous variables.
    • What is a weakness of lab experiments in terms of ecological validity?
      Artificial settings may not reflect real-world scenarios
    • Demand characteristics occur when participants alter their behavior knowing they are being observed.
    • Why may the results of lab experiments not apply to broader populations?
      Generalizability issues
    • What is a key feature of field experiments in terms of ecological validity?
      Realistic context
    • Natural experiments allow researchers to study situations that cannot be ethically manipulated.
    • Laboratory experiments are conducted in a controlled
    • In laboratory experiments, researchers intentionally change the IV
    • Controlled conditions in laboratory experiments minimize the influence of extraneous variables.
    • A key strength of laboratory experiments is high control
    • A weakness of laboratory experiments is low ecological validity
    • Participants in laboratory experiments may alter their behavior if they know they are observed.
    • Match the feature with its description in a field experiment:
      Setting ↔️ Natural, real-world environment
      IV Manipulation ↔️ Researcher manipulates the IV
      DV Measurement ↔️ Outcome is measured in the natural setting
    • Field experiments offer high ecological validity but less control over variables compared to laboratory experiments.
    • Order the features of laboratory and field experiments from most to least control:
      1️⃣ Controlled environment (Lab)
      2️⃣ Standardized procedures (Lab)
      3️⃣ IV manipulation (Lab & Field)
      4️⃣ DV measurement (Lab & Field)
      5️⃣ Natural setting (Field)
    • What is the primary feature of field experiments in terms of their setting?
      Natural settings
    • Field experiments are conducted in natural settings
    • In field experiments, researchers manipulate the independent variable.
    • What is the main advantage of field experiments over lab experiments?
      High ecological validity
    • Lab experiments use a controlled and artificial setting.
    • Field experiments offer higher control over variables compared to lab experiments.
      False
    • Field experiments have high ecological validity.
    • What is the key difference between natural experiments and other types of experiments?
      No direct IV manipulation
    • In natural experiments, the independent variable changes naturally.
    • Natural experiments can study situations that are unethical to manipulate directly.
    • What is a major weakness of natural experiments?
      Lack of control
    • Lab experiments have high control but low ecological validity.
    • Replicability is a strength of lab experiments.