7.1.2 Variables

• Control in an experiment aims to minimize the influence of extraneous factors.
• What is the independent variable in the example of exercise and mood level?

  Amount of exercise
• The control group in an experiment provides a baseline
• What is the experimental method used for?

  Investigating cause-and-effect relationships
• The independent variable is the variable manipulated by the researcher
• It is crucial to control extraneous variables to ensure accurate results in an experiment.
• Match the experimental component with its description:

  Independent Variable ↔️ Factor researcher manipulates

  Dependent Variable ↔️ Outcome measured to assess effect

  Control Group ↔️ Receives no treatment or standard treatment

  Experimental Group ↔️ Receives the treatment being tested
• What is the independent variable (IV) in an experiment?

  Variable manipulated by researcher
• Extraneous variables are factors other than the IV that might influence the DV
• Extraneous variables must be minimized to ensure accurate experimental results.
• Give an example of an independent variable in a study on exercise and mood.

  Amount of exercise
• Extraneous variables must be controlled to observe the true effect of the IV on the DV
• Match the key term with its definition:

  Independent Variable (IV) ↔️ Variable manipulated by researcher

  Dependent Variable (DV) ↔️ Variable measured to determine effect

  Extraneous Variables ↔️ Factors other than IV that might influence DV
• Controlling extraneous variables is crucial for accurate interpretation of experimental results.
• What is the purpose of the independent variable in an experiment?

  To observe its effect
• The dependent variable is the outcome measured to assess the effect of the independent
• The control group in an experiment receives no treatment or standard treatment.
• What does the experimental group show in an experiment?

  The effect of the IV
• Extraneous variables must be minimized to ensure accurate results
• What is the independent variable in the example of exercise and mood?

  Amount of exercise
• The control group provides a baseline for comparison in an experiment.
• What is the dependent variable in the example of exercise and mood?

  Mood level after exercise
• Extraneous variables are factors that might affect the dependent variable if not controlled
• Steps in understanding the experimental method

  1️⃣ Identify the independent variable

  2️⃣ Measure the dependent variable

  3️⃣ Control extraneous variables
• The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
• What is the independent variable in the example of exercise and mood level?

  Hours of exercise
• Extraneous variables are factors other than the independent variable that might influence the dependent variable if not controlled
• What is an example of a participant variable?

  Varying motivation levels
• Situational variables refer to environmental factors that affect the dependent variable.
• What is an example of a researcher variable?

  Tone of voice during instruction
• The experimental method is a systematic approach to investigating cause-and-effect relationships
• Match the key terms with their definitions:

  Experimental Method ↔️ Systematic way to investigate cause-and-effect

  Independent Variable ↔️ Factor manipulated by researcher

  Dependent Variable ↔️ Variable measured to see effect

  Control ↔️ Minimizing influence of extraneous factors
• What does the experimental group receive in an experiment?

  The treatment being tested
• Match the variable types with their definitions:

  Independent Variable ↔️ Variable manipulated by researcher

  Dependent Variable ↔️ Variable measured to determine effect

  Extraneous Variables ↔️ Factors that might influence DV
• The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect.
• What is the dependent variable in the example of exercise and mood level?

  Mood level of participants
• The dependent variable is measured to assess the effect of the independent
• What is the independent variable in the example of exercise and mood?

  Hours of exercise
• Match the extraneous variable types with their examples:

  Participant variables ↔️ Varying motivation levels

  Situational variables ↔️ Different times of day for testing

  Researcher variables ↔️ Tone of voice during instruction
• What is an example of a situational variable?

  Different times of day for testing