5.4 The Biological Approach

    Cards (92)

    • What is the main focus of the Biological Approach in psychology?
      Physiological and biological underpinnings
    • Genes play a role in predisposing individuals to certain behaviours or disorders
    • Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin regulate mood and cognitive function.
    • What type of studies are used to investigate the heritability of traits?
      Twin studies
    • Match each psychological approach with its key focus:
      Biological ↔️ Physiological mechanisms
      Cognitive ↔️ Thought processes
      Behavioral ↔️ Learning through conditioning
    • Who are two key scientists in the Biological Approach?
      Charles Darwin and Roger Sperry
    • Arrange the key principles of the Biological Approach in a logical order:
      1️⃣ Genes: Genetic inheritance can predispose individuals to certain behaviours.
      2️⃣ Neurotransmitters: Chemicals like dopamine and serotonin influence mood and cognitive functions.
      3️⃣ Brain Structures: Specific regions control different behaviours.
    • Heritability refers to the proportion of variation in a trait attributable to environmental differences.
      False
    • Genetic inheritance can predispose individuals to certain behaviours or disorders
    • Match each psychological approach with its key focus:
      Biological ↔️ Physiological mechanisms
      Cognitive ↔️ Thought processes
      Behavioral ↔️ Learning through conditioning
    • What are neurotransmitters primarily responsible for?
      Transmitting signals between neurons
    • Dopamine is associated with pleasure, motivation, and motor control
    • An excess of dopamine is linked to schizophrenia, while a deficiency in serotonin is linked to depression.
    • What are hormones produced by?
      Endocrine glands
    • Which neurotransmitter is associated with excess in schizophrenia?
      Dopamine
    • Hormones have longer-lasting effects than neurotransmitters.
    • The cerebrum controls higher-level cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, and voluntary movement
    • Match the brain structure with its primary function:
      Amygdala ↔️ Processes fear and aggression
      Hippocampus ↔️ Facilitates memory formation
      Cerebellum ↔️ Coordinates movement and balance
      Brain Stem ↔️ Regulates basic life functions
    • What is a key focus of the biological approach in psychology?
      Physiological mechanisms
    • Genetic predisposition is a key principle of the biological approach
    • Identical twins raised separately often exhibit similar behavioural traits.
    • Match the neurotransmitter with its behavioral effect:
      Dopamine ↔️ Enhances pleasure, coordination
      Serotonin ↔️ Stabilizes mood, promotes sleep
      GABA ↔️ Reduces anxiety, promotes relaxation
      Acetylcholine ↔️ Facilitates muscle contractions, aids memory
    • Arrange the following neurotransmitters in order from most excitatory to most inhibitory:
      1️⃣ Norepinephrine
      2️⃣ Dopamine
      3️⃣ Acetylcholine
      4️⃣ Serotonin
      5️⃣ GABA
    • Which glands produce hormones?
      Endocrine glands
    • Match the hormone with its primary function:
      Testosterone ↔️ Develops male sexual characteristics
      Estrogen ↔️ Develops female sexual characteristics
      Insulin ↔️ Regulates blood glucose levels
      Cortisol ↔️ Manages stress response
    • The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance
    • What is a strength of neuroimaging techniques like MRI and PET?
      High resolution, real-time observation
    • Lesion studies can identify specific brain functions by observing the effects of damage.
    • What are three neuroimaging techniques used to study the brain?
      MRI, PET, EEG
    • Lesion studies identify specific brain functions
    • What is a limitation of post-mortem studies?
      Cannot observe brain activity
    • Genetic studies can establish direct causation between genes and behavior.
      False
    • What is a strength of the biological approach in psychology?
      Objective and scientific
    • The biological approach is reductionist because it focuses solely on biological factors
    • The biological approach overlooks individual agency and learning.
    • What are two ethical concerns associated with genetic research?
      Privacy, discrimination
    • Match the drug with its primary function:
      SSRIs ↔️ Enhance serotonin levels
      TMS ↔️ Stimulate brain regions
      ECT ↔️ Induce controlled seizures
    • The biological approach considers the role of genes, neurotransmitters, and brain structures
    • Which neurotransmitters regulate mood and cognitive function?
      Dopamine, serotonin
    • Different regions of the brain control specific behaviors and mental processes.
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