4.4.1 Beck's Cognitive Theory

• What is the focus of Cognitive Theory in understanding depression?

  Negative thinking patterns
• Cognitive Theory posits that distorted or negative thinking patterns play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms
• Steps in the cycle of negative thinking according to Beck's Cognitive Theory

  1️⃣ Cognitive Biases

  2️⃣ Negative Schemas

  3️⃣ Cognitive Triad
• Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking that lead to negative interpretations.
• What is arbitrary inference in cognitive biases?

  Drawing conclusions without evidence
• Negative schemas are deep-seated, negative beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future
• What is an example of a negative schema developed through childhood criticism?

  Belief in incompetence
• The Cognitive Triad includes negative views of oneself, the world, and the future.
• How do the negative views in the Cognitive Triad reinforce each other?

  Perpetuating negative thinking
• Aaron Beck developed Cognitive Therapy, which focuses on modifying negative thought patterns
• What is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) used for?

  Measuring depression severity
• Match Aaron Beck's contributions with their descriptions:

  Cognitive Therapy ↔️ Structured approach to modify negative thoughts

  Beck Depression Inventory ↔️ Tool for measuring depression severity

  Conceptualization of Schemas ↔️ Understanding how beliefs shape perceptions
• What is selective abstraction in cognitive biases?

  Focusing on negative aspects
• Magnification involves exaggerating negative aspects, while minimization involves diminishing positive ones.
• The Cognitive Triad consists of negative views of oneself, the world, and the future
• Steps in the cycle of negative thinking according to Beck's Cognitive Theory

  1️⃣ Cognitive Biases

  2️⃣ Negative Schemas

  3️⃣ Cognitive Triad
• What is the primary focus of Cognitive Theory in understanding depression?

  Distorted thinking patterns
• Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking
• Negative schemas are deep-seated positive beliefs developed through early life experiences.

  False
• What are the three components of the Cognitive Triad in Beck's theory?

  Self, world, future
• An example of a negative schema is the belief of incompetence
• The relationship between the components of Beck's theory is linear: Cognitive Biases lead to Negative Schemas, which then form the Cognitive Triad, ultimately causing depression.
• Match the cognitive distortion with its definition:

  Arbitrary Inference ↔️ Drawing conclusions without evidence

  Overgeneralization ↔️ Applying one negative event to all situations

  Magnification ↔️ Exaggerating negative aspects

  Dichotomous Thinking ↔️ Viewing situations in black and white
• Arrange Aaron Beck's contributions in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Development of Cognitive Therapy

  2️⃣ Formulation of the Cognitive Model

  3️⃣ Creation of the Beck Depression Inventory

  4️⃣ Conceptualization of Schemas
• What is an example of a negative view of oneself in the Negative Cognitive Triad?

  "I am incompetent"
• A negative view of the world in the Cognitive Triad includes seeing it as hostile or full of obstacles
• A negative view of the future in the Cognitive Triad involves anticipating ongoing happiness and success.

  False
• What is an example of overgeneralization as a cognitive distortion?

  "I failed, so I'll never succeed"
• Dichotomous thinking involves viewing situations in black and white
• Correcting cognitive distortions is a key goal of Cognitive Therapy.
• What are cognitive distortions in the context of depression?

  Systematic errors in thinking
• Arbitrary Inference involves drawing conclusions without evidence
• Selective Abstraction involves focusing on positive aspects while ignoring negative ones.

  False
• What is Overgeneralization in cognitive distortions?

  Applying one negative event universally
• Magnification/Minimization involves exaggerating negative aspects and diminishing positive ones
• Arbitrary Inference is a cognitive distortion where one draws conclusions based on logical reasoning.

  False
• Match the cognitive distortion with its definition:

  Arbitrary Inference ↔️ Drawing conclusions without evidence

  Selective Abstraction ↔️ Focusing on negative aspects

  Overgeneralization ↔️ Applying one negative event universally
• What is an example of Arbitrary Inference in daily life?

  Assuming failure without trying
• Selective Abstraction involves noticing only praise and ignoring criticism.

  False
• What is an example of Overgeneralization in daily life?

  Believing one failure means always failing