2.2 Types of Long-Term Memory

• Long-term memory (LTM) holds information for extended periods, often lasting a lifetime
• Long-term memory has an unlimited storage capacity.
• Match the memory type with its capacity, duration, and coding characteristics:

  Short-Term Memory ↔️ Limited capacity, Short duration, Auditory/Visual coding

  Long-Term Memory ↔️ Unlimited capacity, Long duration, Semantic coding
• Long-term memory (LTM) is categorized into three primary types: Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural
• What type of LTM stores personal experiences with specific events and their contexts?

  Episodic
• Episodic memory is context-dependent and time-stamped.
• Semantic memory retains general knowledge and facts about the world in a context-free and factual manner, organized into semantic networks
• What is an example of semantic memory?

  Knowing Paris is the capital of France
• Procedural memory is implicit and requires muscle memory.
• Match the type of LTM with its key characteristics and examples:

  Episodic ↔️ Context-dependent, emotional content, remembering your first day at school

  Semantic ↔️ Context-free, factual, knowing Paris is the capital of France

  Procedural ↔️ Implicit, muscle memory driven, riding a bike
• Declarative memory includes episodic and semantic
• What is an example of non-declarative memory?

  Riding a bike
• Episodic memory is linked to specific times and places.
• Semantic memory is factual and impersonal, organized into semantic networks
• Semantic memory includes personal experiences and emotional content.

  False
• What are the three primary types of long-term memory (LTM)?

  Episodic, Semantic, Procedural
• Long-term memory is categorized into three primary types: Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural.
• What type of LTM stores personal experiences with specific events and their contexts?

  Episodic
• Episodic memory is context-dependent and involves emotional content.
• Semantic memory retains general knowledge and facts about the world.
• What is an example of semantic memory?

  Knowing Paris is the capital of France
• Procedural memory requires muscle memory and is difficult to describe verbally.
• Procedural memory holds skills and habits that are acquired through repetition.
• Give an example of procedural memory.

  Riding a bike
• Declarative memory includes both semantic and episodic memory.
• Declarative memory uses explicit recall, while non-declarative memory uses implicit performance.
• What brain areas are primarily involved in declarative memory?

  Hippocampus, Cerebral cortex
• Episodic memory stores personal experiences along with emotional associations.
• What are three key features of episodic memory?

  Context-dependent, Personal relevance, Emotional content
• Semantic memory stores general knowledge and facts about the world.
• Semantic memory is independent of personal context.
• What type of LTM is implicit and requires muscle memory?

  Procedural
• An example of procedural memory is learning to ride a bike.
• Match the brain region with its role in LTM:

  Hippocampus ↔️ Formation of new memories

  Cerebellum ↔️ Storage of procedural memories

  Basal Ganglia ↔️ Motor skill learning
• Episodic memory is vulnerable to distortions and interference due to its context-dependent nature.
• What is a weakness of semantic memory?

  Can be abstract and difficult to retrieve
• Procedural memory is highly durable but can be inflexible.