synovial joints

• Plane (gliding) joints

  • articulating surfaces are flat
  • only allows slight movement; nonaxial
  • i.e b/w carpals and metacarpals
• hinge joints

  • convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone
  • monaxial; permits flexion and extension
  • elbow joint, ankle joint, knee joint
• pivot joint

  • rounded surface of one bone fits into a ring-like portion of another
  • monaxial;permits rotation
  • b/x atlax and axis, b/w head of the radius and the ulna
• Condyloid (elipsoid) joint

  • oval convex surface fits into an oval concave
  • biaxial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
  • b/w radius and carpal bones, b/w occipital and atlas
• Saddle joints

  • articular surface has both convex and concave; both fits as a 'rider' into the "saddle" of the other bone
  • biaxial; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation
  • b/w carpal and metacarpal bone of the thumb
• Ball-and-socket joints

  • ball-like surface of bone fits into a cup-like depression of another bone
  • multiaxial/triaxial; flexion, extension, abduction,adduction, circumduction, rotation
  • shoulder joint, hip joint