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Biology
Paper 2
Menstrual cycle and puberty
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Cards (34)
What triggers puberty in adolescents?
Reproductive
hormones
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What are secondary sexual characteristics?
Physical changes during
puberty
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At what ages does puberty usually begin?
Between 8 and 14
years
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What hormone triggers puberty in males?
Testosterone
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Where is testosterone produced in males?
In the
testes
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What hormone triggers puberty in females?
Estrogen
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Where is estrogen produced in females?
In the
ovaries
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What do these hormones trigger in males and females?
Sperm production
and
menstrual cycle
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What is the average length of a menstrual cycle?
Around
28
days
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What does the uterus lining do during the menstrual cycle?
Builds up
and
breaks down
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What is stage one of the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation
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How long does menstruation typically last?
About
4
days
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What happens during stage two of the menstrual cycle?
The
uterus lining
builds up
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How long does stage two last?
Around
10 days
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What is the purpose of the thick spongy layer in stage two?
To prepare for a
fertilized egg
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What occurs during stage three of the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation
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How long does ovulation last?
One
day
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What happens in stage four of the menstrual cycle?
The
uterus lining
is maintained
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What happens if no fertilized egg reaches the uterus?
The uterus
lining
breaks down
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What happens if a fertilized egg implants in the uterus?
The
menstrual cycle
stops
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What hormone stimulates the uterus lining to grow?
Estrogen
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What happens to estrogen levels during stage two?
They
increase
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What hormone maintains the uterus lining in stage four?
Progesterone
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What happens if progesterone levels drop?
The
uterus
lining breaks down
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What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Stimulates egg maturation
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Where is FSH produced?
In the
pituitary gland
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What does luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate?
The
release of the egg
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When does ovulation occur in the menstrual cycle?
On
day 14
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How do estrogen and FSH interact during the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen
inhibits
FSH
release
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What happens to LH levels during ovulation?
They
spike
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What inhibits the release of LH and FSH towards the end of the cycle?
Increased
progesterone
levels
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Where can you find more educational resources related to this topic?
On the website
cognito.org
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What additional resources does cognito.org provide?
Questions,
flashcards
, and exam papers
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What does cognito.org track for users?
User
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in
studying
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