Text as connected discourse

• Cohesion refers to the property of being stickiness that holds the elements of connected text together.
• Text

  • 1. Set of words, phrases, and sentences that expresses an idea and or meaning.
  • 2. Written material / object that can be read.
  • 3 large unit of language.
• Discourse

  • 1. Verbal interchange of ideas .
  • 2. Spoken or Written
• Discourse Example :

  • 1. Journal Diary
  • 2. News Articles
  • 3. Critiques
  • 4. Procedures
  • 5. Anecdotes
  • Gopinion piece

  • 7 Research article
• Text and Discourse

  • is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion
  • made up of utterances having the property of coherence
• In linguistics, a text is defined as any sequence of signs that has some kind of unity or coherence, whether it is written or spoken.
• The term "text" is used when referring to written texts such as books, articles, letters, etc., while the term "discourse" is used when referring to spoken texts such as conversations, lectures, interviews, debates, etc.
• A text may consist of one sentence (e.g., "I am tired") or many sentences (e.g., "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"). It may also include non-linguistic features such as images or diagrams.
• A text may consist of one sentence (e.g., a headline) or many sentences (e.g., a paragraph). It may also include images, diagrams, charts, graphs, tables, maps, photographs, illustrations, drawings, etc.
• A discourse refers to a conversation between two or more people on a particular subject matter. It includes both verbal and non-verbal communication, such as gestures, facial expressions, body posture, tone of voice, etc.
• A discourse refers to an extended stretch of language use, often involving multiple speakers or writers engaged in conversation or debate on a particular topic.
• Both texts and discourses are important objects of analysis in linguistics because they reveal patterns of language use and reflect cultural values and beliefs.
• Discourses can be formal or informal, structured or unstructured, and may involve different genres of communication such as academic writing, news reporting, or social media posts.
• Discourses can be seen as systems of meaning that shape how we understand and interpret the world around us.
• Texts can be classified into different genres based on their purpose, audience, style, content, and form.
• Coherence refers to the logical flow of ideas within a text or discourse, while cohesion refers to the connections between words, phrases, and clauses within a text or discourse.
• Texts and discourses are interconnected because they share common features and contribute to our understanding of how language works in real-world contexts.
• A discourse involves multiple participants communicating about a shared topic using various modes of representation, including language, images, gestures, and other forms of expression.
• The meaning of a text depends not only on the literal interpretation but also on the context in which it was produced and received.
• The relationship between texts and discourses is complex and multifaceted, but it involves elements like coherence, cohesion, genre, register, style, and ideology.
• The choice of words, grammatical structures, and rhetorical devices used in a text reflects its author's purpose and intended audience.
• Intertextuality refers to the way different texts interact and influence each other, creating new meanings and interpretations.