mutations

• point mutations = one DNA base is replaced with another
• frame shift mutations = extra nucleotide is added, codons are read differently
• non sense mutation = DNA sequence adds a stop codon
• missense mutation = causes an amino acid change, changes protein shape and role

  • silent mutation - does not cause a change
  • conservative mutation - the amino acids are swapped but similar
  • non conservative mutation - the amino acid has a different property