Civil War

• The expansion of slavery to new states and territories exacerbated tensions between the North and South.
• greenback is a piece of US paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War
• conscription means to require people to enter military service
• habeas corpus was a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
• Lincoln's Gettysburg Address delivered on November 19, 1863, at the dedication ceremony for the Soldiers National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• Sherman's March to the Sea was a campaign led by General William Tecumseh Sherman through Georgia from November 15, 1864, to January 21, 1865, as part of the American Civil War.
• the Emancipation Proclamation declared that all slaves in Confederate-held territory were free
• slavery, secession, declaration martial law, suspension of habeas corpus, and conscription were all the constitutional issues during the civil war
• attrition was a way for one side of a war to wear down the other side through loss of soldiers and resources
• Legal Tender Act 1844 - allowed the government to print money to pay for the war
• Anaconda Plan was a way for the union to blockade confederate ports and eventually cause the south to run out of resources and surrender.
• conoidal is a type of bullet shaped like a cone that helped troops shoot at their target from a greater range
• Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederacy (south) at the time
• Winfield Scott proposed the Anaconda Plan, which would have cut off the South from the rest of the world and was the general in chief of US
• Robert E. Lee was a very feared military commander of the Confederacy because he had great strategic plans and always won battles against the Union
• bounty is money given as a reward such as to encourage enlistment in the army
• blockade runner is a ship that runs though a blockade, usually to smuggle goods through a protected area
• the First Battle of Bull Run was where the union lost to the south. Lincoln immediately ordered for 500,000 men to serve for 3 years instead of 75,000 men for 3 months.
• Militia Act allowed for Lincoln to call state militias which included drafted troops into federal service
• Ulysses S. Grant was promoted to general in chief of the union army because he accomplished two crucial objectives for the North. Later he was promoted to lieutenant general, the highest rank
• Battle of Antietam was where the North won and this was important because it allowed for licoln to issue the emanipation proclamation
• hardtack was a hard biscuit made of wheat flour
• prisoner of war is a person captured in war, especially a member of the military
• the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment had fought bravely at Fort Wagner in Charleston Harbor is 1863. Northern newspapers declared them the valor of African American soldiers
• Elizabeth Blackwell was the first female physician in the US and the first woman to be granted a medical license in the US
• Clara Barton left her job in a patent office to nurse soldiers on the battlefield. She did many amazing deeds that helped many wounded troops heal
• the most infamous confederate military prison was located in Andersonville, Georgia, where more than 100 soldiers a day died in the summer of 1864
• foraging is a way for searching or raiding for food which is something that the unions had to endure
• siege is a military blockade of a city or fortified place to force it to surrender
• the siege of Vicksburg lasted for six weeks with the confederate troops and the city's residents facing near starvation. The unions won cutting the confederacy in two.
• pillage: rob a (place) using violence, especially in wartime
• mandate is an authorized act given to a representative
• sherman's "march to the sea" totally demoralized the southerns/confederates, meaning that the south had lost hope and confidence
• appomattox courthouse was a road where Lee tried to escape west from the union but failed to do so because Sheridan's cavalry got ahead of Lee's troops
• John Wilkes Booth is the person that assassinated Lincoln at a theatre that him and his wife went to, though many of his advisers told him not to go out in public