Cards (22)

  • organisation:
    1. cells
    2. tissues
    3. organs
    4. organ systems
    5. organisms
  • types of tissue:
    • epithelial
    • connective
    • muscle
    • nervous
  • stratified tissue = layers of tissue
  • pseudostratified tissue = layers of differently shaped tissue
  • squamous epithelial = squashed e.g. skin cells, alveoli
  • cuboidal epithelial = cuboid e.g. kidney, pancreas
  • colmnar epithelial = elongated e.g. villi, cillia
  • stem cells:
    • non specialised cells
    • able to express their genes and divide by mitosis
    • have the potential to become many types of cells
    • embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
  • totipotent = can form any cell type in the body
  • pluripotent = cannot form a viable tissue by itself
  • multipotent = can form most types of cells
  • oligopotent = forms cells of closely related tissue types
  • unipotent = only forms cells of a particular type
  • ciliated epithelium:
    • moves substances in one direction
    • contain cillia and lots of mitochondria
    • e.g. moving mucus from lungs to throat
  • guard cells
    • help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata
    • high density of mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • erythrocyte (red blood cell)
    • contains haemoglobin that carries oxygen
    • flat disc shape for larger surface area
    • no nucleus for more oxygen storgage
  • root hair cell
    • allow plants to absorb water and other mineral ions
    • large surface area to volume ratio
  • neutrophil (white blood cell)
    • part of immune system
    • flexible to mold to the shape of the pathogen
  • sperm cell
    • male gamete
    • flagella used for swimming
    • acrosome in the head contains enzymes to penetrate the egg
    • contain lots of mitochondria
  • palisade cell
    • primary site of photosynthesis
    • largest number of chloroplasts per cell
    • column shaped and tightly packed together so lots of light can be absorbed
  • viruses
    • single molecule of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat (capsid)
    • nonliving - don't carry out all cell processes
    • reprograms the host cells machinery to produce more copies of itself
    • bacteriophage = a virus that infects a bacteria and reproduces inside of it
  • goblet cells = produce mucus