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MODULE 2 - foundations in biology
2.6 - cell division, diversity and organisation
specialisation and organisation
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Cards (22)
organisation:
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organisms
types of tissue:
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
stratified tissue =
layers of tissue
pseudostratified tissue =
layers
of
differently
shaped tissue
squamous
epithelial = squashed e.g. skin cells,
alveoli
cuboidal epithelial
= cuboid e.g. kidney,
pancreas
colmnar epithelial =
elongated
e.g.
villi
,
cillia
stem cells:
non
specialised
cells
able to express their
genes
and divide by
mitosis
have the
potential
to become many types of
cells
embryonic
stem cells and
adult
stem cells
totipotent
= can form any cell type in the body
pluripotent
= cannot form a viable tissue by itself
multipotent
= can form most types of cells
oligopotent
= forms cells of closely related tissue types
unipotent
= only forms cells of a particular type
ciliated epithelium:
moves substances in
one
direction
contain
cillia
and lots of
mitochondria
e.g. moving
mucus
from
lungs
to
throat
guard cells
help to regulate the rate of
transpiration
by opening and closing the
stomata
high density of
mitochondria
and
chloroplasts
erythrocyte (red blood cell)
contains
haemoglobin
that carries oxygen
flat disc
shape for larger surface area
no
nucleus
for more oxygen storgage
root hair cell
allow plants to absorb water and other mineral ions
large surface area to volume ratio
neutrophil
(white blood cell)
part of immune system
flexible to
mold
to the shape of the pathogen
sperm cell
male
gamete
flagella
used for swimming
acrosome
in the head contains
enzymes
to penetrate the egg
contain lots of
mitochondria
palisade cell
primary site of photosynthesis
largest number of chloroplasts per cell
column shaped and tightly packed together so lots of light can be absorbed
viruses
single molecule of
nucleic acid
surrounded by a
protein coat
(capsid)
nonliving
- don't carry out all cell processes
reprograms
the host cells machinery to produce more copies of itself
bacteriophage
= a virus that infects a bacteria and reproduces inside of it
goblet
cells = produce mucus