Fungi

• Fungi can be Mushrooms,Yeast,Mildew or Mould.
• Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular.
• Fungi live in moist, damp and warm conditions.
• Fungi feed on dead organic matter.
• Fungi have hyphae. These are thread-like structures that have a large central vacuole and have a lot of nucleus.
• Hyphal walls are made up of chitin and cellulose.
• Many hyphae together form a mycelium.
• Fungi perform gas exhange through diffusion.
• Fungi perform saprophytic nutrition. The hyphae produce enzymes to break down the solid products into liquid products through catabolization.
• Apart from Saprophytic nutrition, Fungi also perform Parasitic Nutrition. This is when the hyphae penetrate inside the tissues of the living organisms and once inside, starts to form a mycelium.
• A fungal disease in plants is ringworm/athlete's foot. A fungal disease in plants is smuts.
• Fungi reproduce through sexual and asexual reproduction.
• Pin mould is found on organic matter like decaying food and vegetables.
• The lower hyphae create small root structures known as rhizoids.
• Pin mould carries out heterotrophic nutrition.
• In the asexual reproduction of pin mould

  1. A thick hyphae grows producing a spore case
  2. The spore case bursts once the spores mature
  3. Where the spores fall in a suitable environment, new would will be produced.
•  In sexual reproduction, fungi

  1. 2 Hyphae get closer to eachother
  2. The nuclei present in each hypahe join
  3. A thick walled spore is produced known as zygospore
  4. This production is known an conjugation.
• Yeast is a unicellular fungi. It is spherical in shape.
• The cell wall of yeast is made up of chitin and the yeast cell contains glycogen granules.
• Yeast carries out asexual reproduction (one organism). This type of reproduction is called budding.
• Yeast is important for alcoholic fermentation, also referred to as anaerobic respiration.
• Alcoholic fermentation is used to make beer,wine and bread.
• Fungal diseases are usually treated through fungicides.
• Penicillin is important in food and drug production.