origins of psychology

    Cards (48)

    • What is the primary focus of the approaches chapter in psychology?
      Different ways of explaining behavior
    • What does the approaches chapter in psychology concern itself with?
      Different ways of explaining behavior
    • Around what year is psychology generally dated as a distinct brand of study?
      Around 1880
    • Who were some of the early philosophers that influenced psychology?
      Rene Descartes and John Locke
    • Approximately how far back does evidence of psychological intervention date?
      Around 6000 BC
    • What topics will be covered regarding the evolution of psychology?
      • How psychology has evolved over time
      • Work and evaluation of Wilhelm Wundt
      • Emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline
    • What is the name of the procedure where people used to drill holes in other people's heads to release evil spirits?
      Trapanning
    • Who opened the first experimental lab for psychology in 1879?
      Wilhelm Wundt
    • What is considered a key event in the emergence of psychology as a distinct discipline?
      Wilhelm Wundt opening the first experimental lab
    • Which approach emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior?
      The psychodynamic approach
    • Who is associated with the psychodynamic approach?
      Sigmund Freud
    • Which approach dominated psychology for the first half of the 21st century?
      The behaviorist approach
    • Who are the key figures associated with the behaviorist approach?
      B.F. Skinner and John Watson
    • Which approach emphasizes free will and self-determination?
      The humanistic approach
    • What did the humanistic approach actively reject?
      The behaviorist and psychodynamic approaches
    • Which approaches emerged with technological advances in the second half of the 20th century?
      Cognitive and biological approaches
    • What did the cognitive and biological approaches focus on?
      Mental and biological processes on behavior
    • What is the significance of Wilhelm Wundt's lab?
      First lab dedicated to psychological inquiry
    • Who is considered the first person to be known as a psychologist?
      Wilhelm Wundt
    • In what city and country did Wilhelm Wundt open his lab?
      Leipzig, Germany
    • Why is Wundt's work considered significant?
      Marks the beginning of scientific psychology
    • What was Wundt's primary aim?
      Analyze the nature of human consciousness
    • What method did Wilhelm Wundt pioneer to study the mind?
      Introspection
    • What was the main objective of Wundt's work?
      Develop theories about mental processes
    • Into what three categories did Wundt and his co-workers divide their observations?
      Thoughts, images, and sensations
    • What is structuralism?
      Isolating the structure of consciousness
    • By whose standards was the value of introspection questioned in the early 20th century?
      Behaviorists like John Watson
    • Why was introspection questioned?
      Produced very subjective data
    • What does behaviorism believe a truly scientific psychology should study?
      Things that can be observed objectively
    • How did behaviorism study behaviors?
      Carefully controlled experiments
    • What did cognitive psychologists compare the mind to?
      A computer
    • How did the cognitive approach ensure the study of the mind was legitimate and scientific?
      Used carefully controlled lab studies
    • How does the biological approach investigate processes?
      Using sophisticated scanning techniques
    • How do researches in the biological approach study the link between genes and behavior?
      Genetic testing
    • What is a strength of Wundt's work?
      Methods were very systematic and well-controlled
    • What is a limitation of introspection?
      Self-reporting mental processes is subjective
    • What is one of the aims of scientific study?
      To establish meaningful laws of behavior
    • What is a strength of modern psychology?
      It can claim to be scientific
    • What is one of the same aims that modern psychology has as natural sciences?
      To describe, understand, predict and control behavior
    • How do cognitive, behaviorist, and biological approaches investigate theories?
      Rely on scientific methods like lab studies