Decoding The Genetic Code

• Which codon initiates protein synthesis?

  AUG
• What are the three stop codons in protein synthesis?

  UAA, UAG, UGA
• What is used to translate an Open Reading Frame (ORF)?

  Codon table
• Steps to translate an Open Reading Frame (ORF)

  1️⃣ Locate the start codon (AUG)

  2️⃣ Group the RNA sequence into triplets

  3️⃣ Use the codon table to find corresponding amino acids

  4️⃣ Connect the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain

  5️⃣ Stop when you reach a stop codon
• What type of mutation shifts the reading frame during translation?

  Frameshift
• Match the experiment with its purpose:

  Nirenberg and Matthaei's Poly-U experiment ↔️ Determine if synthetic RNA can direct protein synthesis

  Khorana's trinucleotide repeat experiment ↔️ Verify codon sequences for various amino acids
• What does it mean for the genetic code to be universal?

  Same codons specify same amino acids