atomic structure

Created by

aisling smith

Cards (69)

what is the charge on electrons
1-
what is the mass of electrons
1/1840
where are electrons found
shell
what is the mass of protons
1+
what is the mass of protons
1
where are protons found
nucleus
what is the mass of neutrons
1
what is the charge of neutrons
0
where are neutrons found
nucleus
what is the atomic number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
what is the atomic mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
define isotopes in terms of atomic and mass number
atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but a different mass number
define isotopes in terms of particles
atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
how does light bend in a mass spectrometer
the lightest element bends the most with the heaviest element bending the least
what is the purpose of a mass spectrometer
the determine the relative atomic mass of elements, isotopic composition and identify unknown compounds
label this mass spectrometer graph
labels
A) no of bars = no of isotopes
B) base peak
C) molecular ion peak
what is the equation for calculating RAM using mass spectra 
RAM = (% abundance x relative isotopic mass)
how is the most abundant isotope arranged
$^ n element ^ +$
what causes fragmentation of a diatomic element i.e Cl2
fast moving electrons
how many peaks would Cl2 have and what combinations?
3 peaks. 35-35, 37-37, 35-37
what is m/z
mass / charge
what is the base peak
the most abundant species, also the most stable
what is the molecular ion peak
the molecule that has lost an electron but has no broken up - reminds us that isotopes exist
what is the m + 1 peak
the smaller peak beside the molecular ion peak
how many electrons can an s orbital hold
2
how many electrons can a p orbital hold
6
how many electrons can a d orbital hold
10
how many electrons can an f orbital hold
14
write spdf notation
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
why does 4s empty and fill before 3d
it is slightly closer to the nucleus
how is spdf notation drawn
with all 'up' drawn in orbitals before the 'down'
spdf notation drawn
what are the s block elements
group 1 and 2 plus helium
what are the p block elements
groups 3,4,5,6,7,0
what are the d block elements
transition metals
what are the f block elements
lactinides and actinides
what is the trend in first ionisation energies across a period
increase
why do first ionisation energies increase across a period
nuclear charge increases
shielding remains almost constant
atomic radius decreases
most outer electron is closer to the pull of the attractive nucleus, which requires more energy to remove
what is the trend in first ionisation energies down a group
decreses
why do first ionisation energies decrease down a group
whilst nuclear charge increases
more than offset by an increase in shielding (due to an increase in the number of inner shells)
atomic radius decreases
outer shell electron is further from attractive pull of the nucleus
requires less energy to remove