Geography section A

• Urbanisation is the percentage of people living in towns and cities, moving from rural areas.
• Economic push factor - crime, unemployment
• Social pull factor - education, healthcare
• Natural increase is BR> DR due to Improved healthcare.
• Higher BR can create overcrowding & pressure on services.
• 1. Rio - NEE, South America, Brazil, SE, Coastal, South of Brasilia.
• Rio economic problem = Crime & Unemployment. Solutions = Schools of tomorrow, clear favelas, introduction of training and employment areas.
• Rio social challenge + solution =Education - university, local volunteers, investment in extracurricular.
• Rio social challenge + solution = Healthcare - door to door medikits, detect 20 different diseases and treat.
• Rio Environmental - traffic & waste. Solution = one-way in rush hours, new sewage works, biogas digester of waste. Aim to improve air quality and reduce respiratory illness/deaths.
• Manchester distribution =82% in urban areas, ¼ in London and SE.
• Reasons for manchesters population distribution = Jobs, historical (industrial revolution) and near ports due to trade.
• Migration helps bring culture to Manchester through food and arts
• Manchester social opportunity - shopping, sport, culture, nightlife.
• Manchester economic opportunities -jobs & reduced crime.
• uk urban regeneration project= Salford Quays & Spinningfields. they are derelict areas, old sites which requires investment and improvement.
• Spinningfields regeneration project is to create jobs, reduce anti-social behaviour and provide quality housing.
• 1. Sustainable living - lifestyle that reduces the negative impact on the planet and use of natural resources.
• 1. Green space - improves air quality, provides habitats, protects soil, natural recreational area - for positive mental health.
• Public transport helps to reduce congestion, improve air quality, fewer accidents.