Antibacterial Drug Action

• What do cell wall synthesis inhibitors prevent bacteria from doing?

  Building their cell walls
• Why do bacteria need their cell walls to survive?

  They provide structural integrity and protection
• Name two major drugs that are cell wall synthesis inhibitors.

  Penicillin and Vancomycin
• How does Penicillin work as a cell wall synthesis inhibitor?

  It interferes with cell wall assembly
• What are common uses for Penicillin?

  Treats respiratory, skin, and bloodstream infections
• What are some side effects of Penicillin?

  Allergic reactions and diarrhea
• How does Vancomycin inhibit cell wall synthesis?

  It binds to the D-ala-D-ala terminus of precursors
• What are common uses for Vancomycin?

  Used for severe infections like MRSA
• What are some side effects of Vancomycin?

  Nephrotoxicity and red man syndrome
• What do protein synthesis inhibitors do?

  Stop bacteria from creating essential proteins
• Name three major classes of protein synthesis inhibitors.

  Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides
• How do Aminoglycosides work?

  They bind to the bacterial ribosome, distorting it
• What are common uses for Aminoglycosides?

  Treat severe gram-negative bacterial infections
• What are some side effects of Aminoglycosides?

  Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
• How do Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis?

  They block aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the ribosome
• What are common uses for Tetracyclines?

  Combat respiratory infections and acne
• What are some side effects of Tetracyclines?

  Photosensitivity and gastrointestinal issues
• How do Macrolides work?

  They block the exit tunnel of the ribosome
• What are common uses for Macrolides?

  Treat respiratory infections and STIs
• What are some side effects of Macrolides?

  Gastrointestinal distress and hepatotoxicity
• What do nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors do?

  Prevent bacteria from making DNA and RNA
• How do Quinolones work?

  They inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
• What are common uses for Quinolones?

  Treat respiratory and urinary tract infections
• What are some side effects of Quinolones?

  Gastrointestinal issues and tendon rupture
• How do Rifamycins work?

  They block RNA polymerase, preventing RNA synthesis
• What are common uses for Rifamycins?

  Combat tuberculosis and MRSA infections
• What are some side effects of Rifamycins?

  Liver toxicity and discoloration of body fluids
• What do metabolic pathway inhibitors target?

  Essential metabolic processes in bacteria
• Name two key metabolic pathway inhibitors.

  Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
• How do Sulfonamides work?

  They block dihydropteroate synthase enzyme
• What are common uses for Sulfonamides?

  Treat urinary tract and respiratory infections
• What are some side effects of Sulfonamides?

  Allergic reactions and gastrointestinal distress
• How does Trimethoprim work?

  It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase enzyme
• What are common uses for Trimethoprim?

  Used for UTI and skin infections
• What are some side effects of Trimethoprim?

  Nausea and bone marrow suppression
• How do cell membrane disrupters work?

  They target the structure of bacterial cell membranes
• Name two key drugs that are cell membrane disrupters.

  Polymyxins and Daptomycin
• How do Polymyxins work?

  They bind to lipid A, increasing membrane permeability
• What are common uses for Polymyxins?

  Treat severe gram-negative bacterial infections
• What are some side effects of Polymyxins?

  Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity