LESSON 2

• Cultural awareness and understanding global issues are particularly valued and are as equally important as learning a foreign language nowadays.
• Because of technology, our world has transformed into a global village. Communication becomes faster and in a split of a second, an event is shared to the entire world through the use of social media.
• Culture

  • is perceived as the summation of values, beliefs and behaviours from a group of individuals having a shared history of verbal and nonverbal cues.
• Globalization -may be seen as an interconnectedness of economic relationships, political units as well as digital networks
• Intercultural communication

  • refers to the communication between people from two different cultures. It is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual process, in which people from different cultures create shared meanings.
• Assumption 1 Messages relayed are not usually the messages received.
• intercultural communication

  • is a symbolic activity where the thoughts and ideas of one are encoded into a verbal/or nonverbal message format, then transmitted through some channel to another person who must decode it, interpret it, and respond to it”
• Assumption 1

  When two speakers from different cultures interact, their values, emotions,perceptions, and behaviours greatly affect the interpretation of their messages.
• Assumption #2 A nonverbal act between individuals
• Assumption #2 A nonverbal act between individuals

  procedure where articulation of power, intimacy and status being combined with “paralinguistic cues, proxemics, haptics, oculesics, and olfatics”
• Assumption #3 Involvement of style in communication among speakers There are communication gaps and only wisdom tells as whether to when to speak or not. Interpretation of silence differs from across cultures. Several cultures favor in direct and impersonal style in communication. There is no necessity of saying verbally every message.
• Assumption #3 Involvement of style in communication among speakers
• Assumption #4 Group phenomenon experienced and shared by individuals 

   Communication is subject to the speaker’s background and knowledge. During intercultural communication, we have to be mindful that while the person with whom we are interacting is from a different cultural group, he or she is also an individual.
• Assumption #4 Group phenomenon experienced and shared by individuals 
• Individualism

  • focus on individual goals. It also aims to benefit the individual since every person is seen as unique with distinct talents and potential, thereby enabling them to hone their creativity, develop, independence, and confidence.
• Individualism

  • People are disconnected from the in-groups such as the family and ironically belong to several groups but their stay is short-lived
• Collectivism

  • Is the assumption that groups blend well by serving the ingroup. People are not viewed as isolated individuals but rather they are identified by their membership
• Collectivism

  • One’s behaviour is role- based, and deviations from the prescribed role are discouraged and often negatively sanctioned. In this sense, a person’s behaviour is guided more by shame than by personal guilt.
• Horizontal Individualism 


  - speaks of an autonomous self that values the individual more and independence is being highlighted.
• Vertical Individualism

  • values the autonomous self by seeing it as difference and an equal to others. It also emphasizes status and competition.
• Horizontal Collectivism

  • notes the self as a member of a group sharing the same values and interests. The self is reliant and equality is expected.
• Vertical Collectivism

  • believes that the self is an integral part of the in group even if the members are different from the other. It also specifies the group’s interdependence and in equality