HCORDI

• UNESCO (2014) coined the definition of cultural heritage to be “both a product and a process, which provides societies with a wealth of resources that are inherited from the past, created in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.”
• Culture is the broader concept that encompasses the shared beliefs and practices of a group of people.
• Heritage refers to the tangible and intangible

  aspects inherited from the past that hold cultural, historical, or natural value.
• Culture is dynamic and constantly evolving
• heritage represents the enduring elements that are

  passed on from generation to generation.
• tawid - acquired from predecessors
• maipatawid - something to pass on to scion
• tumawid - heir
• matawid - inheritance
• Cordillera Heritage - knowledge, systems, practices. settlements and institutions that have been developed since time immemorial, that may be advanced presently, and that are safeguarded for the future by the people who ascribed themselves as Cordillerans
• Tangible Heritage - physical artifacts produced, maintained, and transmitted intergenerationally in a society
• Intangible Heritage - the practices, expressions, knowledge, skills that communities recognize as part of their cultural heritage
• Natural Heritage - natural resources and land
• UNESCO spearheaded the recognition and promotion of living human treasures persons who possesses to a very high degree the knowledge and skills required for performing or recreating specific elements of the intangible cultural heritage (GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN/NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES)
• Tawid - heritage (acquired from predecessors)
• Tumawid accepts the responsibility of safeguarding the matawid, including its attributed value so that it continues to have banag (worth), kaipa-panan (meaning), and kaisilbi-an (usage)
• Heritage/tawid is not merely a matter of right but also a matter of responsibility
• At the community level, stewardship is instituted for the whole of the community to be responsible for conserving.
• Tawid di Ili works whereas a tinawid and/or patawid is protected, cared for, and nurtured by the community as it is basically recognized to affect the life of the community and the continuity of such.
• At the clan level, a clan is bestowed the responsibility to take care of the tawid. Other community members may benefit from the tinawid,
• Individual Level - these are properties that is bestowed to them by virtue of their birthright
• The tumawid is not the owner, in the indigenous lens, but merely a steward who keep safes the tawid
• Neglect of tawid affects filial and community relations
• “our cultural heritage” contributes to the shaping of national

  stereotypes and regional identity and it is a modern or post- modern reflection of the past.
• Cordillera marks a nation where no group is dominant over each other but are interacting and promoting co-existence.
• ICC - Indigenous Cultural Communities
• ili - village
• The concept of territoriality amongst the people have changed from what could have been shared spaces to local spaces to imposition of boundaries
• The concept of territoriality, as it is used today can then be the IP’s/ ICCs response to the expansion of the world they live-in, hounded by the developments and introductions of outsiders
• Igorots were labelled as infidel, savageness, barbarism, ignorance, backward among other labels to justify the (Spanish) colonizer’s intention.
• Ibaloys are a result of migration from Pangasinan,
• Kankanaey of Benguet and Mountain Province,
• Tingguians came from Ilocos.
• Isneg came from coastal Cagayan.
• Southern Apayao and Kalinga came from the lower Chico

  River in the border of Kalinga and Cagayan.
• Others moved to the mountains of Cordillera as “runaways”, or to avoid Spanish rule
• Highlanders were scattered as numerous and autonomous villages, a condition the Spaniards described later as “tribus independientes”.
• During Spanish colonialism, Cordillera region was penetrated by Spaniards from both east and west.
• Igorot responded to the Spanish colonization by retreating into deeper parts of the mountain, which resulted in population dispersions and muddled ethnic distinctions.
• Ygolotte - “people from the mountain”