IH LEC 2

• Blood Bank Laboratory is a specialized workplace in laboratory medicine where underlying theories and principles of antigen-antibody reactions and their effects on blood are put into clinical practice
• Blood Bank Laboratory is a facility involved in the collection, storage, processing, and distribution of human blood and blood products for transfusion
• Blood Bank Laboratory scrutinizes every task associated with the work performed to ensure the quality and safety of both the services and the products provided
• Blood Bank Laboratory is where donated blood and blood products undergo extensive testing
• Blood Bank Laboratory is a place where when we need blood and blood products in certain conditions (e.g. anemia, hemorrhage, dengue fever, hemophilia) for transfusion, we seek their services
• Blood Banks in the Philippines are regulated by the Department of Health (DOH) through the Bureau of Research and Laboratories (BRL) in the office for Health Facilities Standards and Regulations
• National Blood Services Act of 1994 (RA 7719) promotes voluntary blood donation, provides for an adequate supply of safe blood, regulates blood banks, and provides penalties for violations thereof
• National Voluntary Blood Services Program aims for blood safety, blood adequacy, rational blood use, and efficiency of blood services
• National Voluntary Blood Services Program inculcates public awareness that blood donation is a humanitarian act and promotes voluntary blood donation to provide a sufficient supply of safe blood and regulate blood banks
• National Voluntary Blood Services Program aims to develop a fully voluntary blood donation system, strengthen a nationally coordinated network of Blood Service Facility (BSF), implement a quality management system, attain maximum utilization of blood, and develop sustainable management and funding for the blood network
• National Voluntary Blood Services Program created standards for donor recruitment and screening, laboratory and blood processing tests and procedures, handling and disposal of blood, inventory and recording procedures, networking blood collection and distribution, and quality assurance/quality control measures following international guidelines
• Administrative Order No. 2005-0002 establishes rules and regulations for the establishment of the Philippine National Blood Services amending pertinent provisions of Administrative Order No. 9 s. 1995
• Administrative Order No. 2008-0008 governs the regulation of Blood Service Facilities
• Administrative Order No. 2005-0002, pursuant to the National Voluntary Blood Services Program (NVBSP) of RA 7719, plans and implements a program to meet the needs for blood transfusion in all regions of the country
• Apheresis Facility is a blood service facility where blood collection procedure is done by removing whole blood, separating a selected component, and returning the remainder to the donor
• End-User Hospital is a hospital capable of red cell typing and crossmatching, which receives blood and blood components for transfusion as needed
• Blood Station is a facility authorized by the DOH Center for Health Development (CHD) for provision, storage, issuance, transport, and distribution of whole blood and packed red cells, and compatibility testing of red cell units if hospital-based
• Blood Collection Unit is a facility authorized by the DOH CHD for recruitment and retention of voluntary blood donors, screening and selection of qualified donors, health education and counseling services, collection of blood from donors, and transport of blood units collected to blood centers for testing and processing
• Hospital Blood Bank is a facility in a hospital licensed by the DOH BHFS for storage of blood and components, compatibility testing, direct Coombs Test, antibody screening, investigation of transfusion reactions, and post-transfusion surveillance
• Blood Center is a facility licensed by the DOH BHFS for donor recruitment and care, blood collection, processing and provision of blood components, storage, issuance, transport, distribution of blood units, and testing for infectious disease markers
• Administrative Order No. 2008-0008 classifies Blood Service Facilities based on ownership (government or private), institutional character (hospital-based or non-hospital-based), and service capability (Blood Station, Blood Collection Unit, Blood Bank)
• Administrative Order No. 2008-0008 for government-owned Blood Service Facilities is operated and maintained partially or wholly by a national, provincial, city, or municipal government or other political unit, department, division, board, agency, or government-owned corporation
• Administrative Order No. 2008-0008 for private Blood Service Facilities is privately owned, established, and operated with funds through donation, capital, or other means by an individual, corporation, association, or organization (for hospital-based BSF only)
• Administrative Order No. 2008-0008 classifies Blood Service Facilities as Hospital-based (located within a hospital premises) or Non-hospital-based (government-owned or PNRC-owned located outside a hospital premises)
• Administrative Order No. 2008-0008 categorizes Blood Service Facilities based on service capability: Blood Station for advocacy, promotion, provision, storage, issuance, transport, and distribution of blood; Blood Collection Unit for recruitment, retention, care, screening, selection, education, collection, and transport; Blood Bank for advocacy, promotion, storage, issuance, and compatibility testing
• Blood bank service capability includes: compatibility testing and red cell units, direct Coombs Test, red cell antibody screening, and investigation of transfusion reactions
• Blood bank set-up includes: physical plant (buildings & facilities), equipment/reagents, qualification & minimum requirements of personnel, documentation/records, safety, quality building blocks
• Blood bank set-up must ensure that buildings & facilities are located, designed, constructed, and utilized to ensure safety of donors & personnel and maintain quality of blood products and services
• Personnel in the blood bank must have proper education, training, experience, and skills to perform assigned duties
• Blood bank equipment/reagents must be technically suitable, properly located, easy to clean, and well-maintained for accurate testing, prevention of contamination, and ensuring quality of blood products
• All blood banks/blood centers must have procedures to maintain all records related to all activities within the blood bank/blood center
• Blood bank safety includes a system for training on safety procedures with universal precautions and monitoring of compliance
• Quality building blocks in the blood bank refer to quality management activities of management function which determines quality policy and quality system which refers to the organizational structure, procedures, processes, and resources to implement quality management
• Areas in the blood bank include: component preparation/storage, donor processing, main laboratory, reference laboratory
• Component preparation/storage involves the storage of blood products under conditions and temperature for optimum viability and apheresis procedures where specific blood components get separated through an apparatus and unused components are given back to the donor
• Donor processing includes donor investigation, ABO & Rh typing, antibody screen, and tests for transfusion-transmitted viruses
• Main laboratory tests patients' samples for ABO & Rh, antibody screen, crossmatching, and DAT (Direct Antiglobulin Test)
• Reference laboratory's goal is to ensure that discrepancies in routine testing will be resolved accurately and time-efficiently
• Blood bank equipment includes: blood bank refrigerator, household refrigerator and freezer, microscope, water bath, RH viewing box, rotator/agitator/mixer, platelet agitator, blood mixer, glasswares, and centrifuge.
• Plastic blood packs are used for blood collection and storage, with different types like single donor bag, double donor bag, triple donor bag, quadruple donor bag, transfer pack, and satellite bag/pack