CardioVascular System

• The heart is divided into four chambers, two atria (right & left) and two ventricles (right & left).
• Blood flows from the right side to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
• Oxygenated blood then returns to the left side of the heart through pulmonary veins.
• Pulmonary Circulation transports

  oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply
• Systemic Circulation returns oxygen rich blood and nutrients to the left atrium and is pumped out all over the body. It also picks up carbon dioxide and other waste products
• Inferior Vena Cava

  ➔ The largest vein of the body

  ➔ Carries deoxygenated blood back from the lower part of the body — this blood is carrying carbon dioxide.
• ● Superior Vena Cava

  ➔ Above the heart

  ➔ Carries deoxygenated blood from the head and arms
• Flow of blood (Pulmonary Circulation)

  
  

  Enters through the Vena Cava (Inferior and Superior) then the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle then goes through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs
• The gases that are exchanged in the lungs are oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Systemic Circulation

  Oxygen rich blood enters back from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium through the Mitral or Bicuspid Valve to the left ventricle through the aortic valve to the aorta
• AORTA

  ➔ The largest artery of the body
• ASCENDING AORTA

  ➔ leaves the heart, curves in an inverted “U” shape making an arch
• DESCENDING AORTA

  ➔ Downward through

  the diaphragm and chest and into the abdomen
• About 1/5 to 1/3 of the blood passes through the renal artery into the kidney — is a filter and takes some water and waste products out of the blood; and out of the body through urine.
• In the abdomen; splits (the split is called the aortic bifurcation) into two major branches called iliac arteries
• a.) Left iliac artery supplies blood to the left pelvis and leg
• b.) Right iliac artery supplies blood to the right pelvis and leg
• The iliac artery continues down into the leg as the femoral artery and its branches
• Brichiocephalic Artery divides into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
• The three Aortic branches are Brichiocephalic Artery, Left Common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
• 2.) Left Common Carotid Artery

  ➔ Supplies the head and neck
• 3.) Left Subclavian Artery

  ➔ Supplies the left arm and upper torso
• The average pulse rate of a person who is “resting” would be 70.
• SPHYGMOMANOMETER used to measure the systolic and diastolic blood (blood pressure) with a stethoscope
• Systolic: 100 - 140 mmHg

  Diastolic: 60 - 90 mmHg
• Systolic - the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is contracting
• Diastolic - the lowest pressure in the heart when the heart is relaxed.
• FLOW OF BLOOD (ARTERIOLES)

  Arterioles act like adjustable nozzles in the circulatory system, so they have the greatest influence over blood pressure
• Capillaries

  The smallest of the blood vessels, and the walls are so thin that molecules can pass through them.

  In the cellular tissue, they provide the means of exchange, through the process of absorption, and pick up carbon dioxide and other waste
• The capillaries branching away from the arteries in the lungs absorb oxygen

  The capillaries branching away from the arteries in the abdomen pass by the liver and intestine, picking up nutrients and water.
• fter the capillaries, they start to emerge into bigger vessels called venules

  They widen even further, emptying into veins
• The veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood.

  Veins lead back to the heart
• Veins are the vessels that are used to remove blood from the body for analysis
• Venipuncture name of the process when removing blood from the body for analysis
• — Phlebotomists are the medical personnel that specialize in this procedure.