Histology: Nervous Tissue

• What is the definition of the nervous system?

  The control system of the body
• What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

  Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
• What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) include?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What is the function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  Processes information and decides actions
• What surrounds the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  Cranium and vertebral column
• What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cover?

  All other nervous tissue
• What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

  Receives stimuli and carries out responses
• What is the reflex arc process?

  1. Receptors detect stimuli
  2. Afferent nerves carry signals to CNS
  3. CNS processes information
  4. Efferent nerves carry responses to effectors
• What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

  Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
• What does the Somatic Nervous System control?

  Voluntary actions and sensations
• What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

  Involuntary actions like heart rate
• What is the function of neurons?

  Transmit nerve impulses
• What are the key features of neurons?

  Cell body, dendrites, axon
• What roles do neurons play in the body?

  Control homeostasis and coordinate functions
• How are neurons classified?

  Motor, sensory, interneurons
• What is the function of neuroglia?

  Support and protect neurons
• What are the key types of neuroglia in the CNS?

  Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
• What are the key types of neuroglia in the PNS?

  Satellite cells and Schwann cells
• What is the role of astrocytes?

  Form the blood-brain barrier
• What is the role of oligodendrocytes?

  Create myelin around axons
• What is the function of microglia?

  Remove cellular debris through phagocytosis
• What do ependymal cells do?

  Line ventricles and aid cerebrospinal fluid circulation
• What is myelination?

  The process of surrounding axons with myelin
• What is the role of myelin?

  Acts as an electrical insulator
• What produces myelin in the PNS?

  Schwann cells
• What produces myelin in the CNS?

  Oligodendrocytes
• What are ganglia?

  Groups of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS
• What is the function of ganglia?

  Act as relay stations for nerve signals
• How does myelination affect nerve impulse conduction?

  Speeds up transmission of signals
• What are the two main types of ganglia?

  Sensory ganglia and autonomic ganglia
• Where are ganglia located?

  Outside the Central Nervous System (CNS)
• What is the microscopic structure of the PNS?

  • Axons arranged in fascicles
  • Epineurium surrounds the entire nerve
  • Perineurium surrounds each fascicle
  • Endoneurium surrounds each axon and Schwann cell
• What are the functions of neuroglia in the CNS?

  • Support and protect neurons
  • Maintain homeostasis
  • Form myelin sheaths
  • Remove debris
• What are the functions of neuroglia in the PNS?

  • Support neuron cell bodies
  • Myelinate axons
  • Aid in regeneration of damaged axons
• What is the structure of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

  Axons arranged in fascicles
• What is the function of the epineurium in the PNS?

  It surrounds the entire nerve
• What does the perineurium do in the PNS?

  It surrounds each fascicle of axons
• What is the role of the endoneurium?

  It surrounds each axon and Schwann cell
• How does the arrangement of axons in the PNS aid in function?

  • Provides protection to axons
  • Supports efficient signal transmission
• What are ganglia in the PNS?

  Groups of neuron cell bodies