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Medmath Chpt 35
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The epidermidis part of the skin contains the
stratum
, the
corneum
and the
capillary
The
dermis
part of the skin contains the
sebaceous
gland,
nerve ending
,
hair follicle
,
sweat
gland
The
subcutaneous
tissue contains the
adipose
tissue and
blood vessels
Parenteral injections
are used when patient is NPO, digestive juices counteract or oral drugs
Parenteral injections
are to hasten the action of the drug and ensure the delivered dose is accurate
Before administering any medication, observed for
side effects
and therapeutic action, also check for
allergies
before giving medication
Label the syringe with the patient’s
name
, the
name
of the drug, and the
dose
injection site
: choose somewhere, where there is mostly no hair, lesions, inflammation, rashes, moles, and freckles
Injection site
: avoid major nerves, blood vessels, and underlining organs
When doing an intradermal injection, it is deposited into the dermis layers of the skin
Intradermal injections are usually used for skin testing for TB or other diseases(allergy)
When doing intradermal injections, use a
15°
angle of insertion and use
24
,
27
,
29
gauge
When giving a intra-dermal injection, use a tuberculin syringe
Intradermal
injection forms, a skin
bleb
or small
bump
Subcutaneous usually injects
0.5
to
1
mL of medication below the
dermal
layer into the
subcutaneous
fat
Normal sites for
subcutaneous injections
are the upper outer portion of the arm, anterior surface of the thigh, the abdomen
Subcutaneous needles usually are
25
or
27
gauge needle,
3/8
1/2
inch
long.
Subcutaneous injections usually use a
insulin
syringe or
tuberculin
syringe
Angle for a subcutaneous injection is
45
to
90°
angle depending on the size of the patient
Intramuscular
injections use a 90 angle
Common sites of intramuscular injections : are deltoid, dorsal gluteal, ventral gluteal lateralis, and rectus femoris
Intramuscular needle size is
19–23
, gauge
1-3
inches long
Volume up to
3 mL
for most,
IM
injections. Nurse must
aspirate
for blood before injecting medication to avoid injecting directly into a blood vessel.
Z Trak method is used for
intramuscular injections
, including iron, dextran,
or
Vistaril
Ztrack method
message reduces pain caused by irritating drugs, leaking into the
subcutaneous
tissue
ZTR method enters the medication in the muscular layer
A
surrender
composed of a barrel, and a plunger, with a needle tip made of
plastic
or
glass
U
–
100
syringe is used for
strength insulin
and is calibrated in units
Tuber Bersin
syringes comes in
1
mL size calibrated to measure as small as
0.01
mL
Unit dose cartridge
requires a special holder for the cartridge and the needle
Needle gauge
in length come in sizes from
13
to
30
The
larger
the number, the smaller the needle
25
,
27
, or
29
gauge for intradermal injections
21
to
23
gauge for intramuscular injections
25. Gauge for
subcutaneous
injections.
HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C can be spread by a
needle stick
from an infected patient
Safety syringes
, prevent
needle stick
to
healthcare workers
and should be used
one
available
Never recap a
needle
Use aseptic technique and handling the syringe and needle
Discard
syringe or
needle
if it becomes contaminated during drug preparation for administration
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