Genetic Code

• Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

  In the nucleus, arranged into linear chromosomes
• How is DNA arranged in eukaryotic cells?

  Wrapped around histone proteins
• What is the structure of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

  A single circular loop free in the cytoplasm
• How is prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?

  Not associated with histones
• What are exons?

  Regions that code for amino acids
• What are introns?

  Non-coding regions within genes
• What happens to introns during RNA splicing?

  They are removed
• What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?

  More than one codon can code for the same amino acid
• What does it mean that the genetic code is non-overlapping?

  Each base is read once in sequence
• What is the universal nature of the genetic code?

  The same codons code for the same amino acids in all organisms
• What is a gene?

  A base sequence of DNA that codes for a polypeptide
• What is the genome?

  The complete set of genes in a cell
• What is the proteome?

  The full range of proteins that a cell can produce
• What type of DNA is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

  Circular DNA, similar to prokaryotic DNA