PMLS2: Lesson 2

• It happens when a microorganism invaded the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease.

  Infection
• It is a disease-causing microbe which could be classified as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or virus.

  Pathogen
• It can spread from person to person.

  Communicable infections
• They are usually caused by infected personnel, patients, visitors, food, drug, or equipment while a patient is in the hospital or other healthcare facilities.

  Nosocomial and Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
• Pathogenic microbe such as virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa, and rickettsia

  Infectious (causative) agent
• Source of the agent of infection or place where the microbe could grow, survive, and multiply, which could be in humans, animals, food, water, soil, or equipment

  Reservoir
• A way or manner wherein an infectious agent can leave the reservoir host, which could be through secretions and exudates, tissue specimens, blood, feces, or urine

  Exit pathway
• Airborne, direct (touching or kissing) or indirect contact (contaminated objects), droplets (coughing or sneezing), vector (insect, anthropod, or animal), and vehicle (food,water, or drugs)

  Means of transmission
• The way an infectious agent enters a host, which includes body orifices, mucous membranes, and breaks in the skin.

  Entry Pathway
• Someone who is prone to infection, especially the elderly, newborn babies, patients who are immune-suppressed or unvaccinated, and those suffering from acute or chronic illness.

  Susceptible host
• It is an essential part of standard precautions in the healthcare setting because it is an effective way to prevent infections that can be transmitted from the patient and healthcare personnel during the procedure.

  Hand hygiene
• Routine hand washing when ____

  visibly dirty
• Routine hand washing after known exposure to....

  Clostridium difficile, Bacillus anthracis, and infectious diarrhea during norovirus outbreaks.
• It is an antimicrobial soap or alcohol-based hand sanitizer to remove transient microorganisms.

  Hand antisepsis
• Put the sanitizer on hands, rub the hands together for about ____ seconds or until it feels dry.

  20
• It is worn to protect the health worker from splashes of blood and specimen during the patient-care activities.

  PPE
• These are microorganisms in the human blood that are infectious and can cause diseases.

  BPP (Blood-borne Pathogens)
• The most common pathogens include HBV, HCV, and....

  HIV
• For HBV there is available vaccination as defense while HCV and HIV don't have.

  True
• For surface decontamination, use _____ bleach solution or other disinfectants for the specimen collection and processing areas.

  1:10
• It refers to any material that could be harmful to one's health.

  Biohazard
• It is used to prevent and protect clinical laboratories from harmful incidents caused by laboratory specimens that are potential biohazards.

  Biosafety
• It is from splashes and aerosols during centrifuge and aliquot; patients with airborne diseases.

  Airborne
• Hands are not sanitize before handling a food.

  Ingestion
• Contamination through breaks or cuts in the skin.

  Non-intact skin
• Exposure through the skin due to injuries from needlesticks and other sharp objects.

  Percutaneous
• Infection through mucous membranes of the mouth and nose and the conjunctiva of the eyes.

  Percumosal
• Fire: wood, paper

  Class A
• Fire: paint, oil, grease, and gasoline

  Class B
• Fire: live electrical equipment

  Class C
• Fire: combustible and reactive metals

  Class D
• Fire: cooking oil, grease, or fats

  Class K
• It is a condition when there is not enough blood that circulates back to the heart.

  Shock
• It is a procedure done on a person who is suffering from cardiac arrest.

  CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)