GCSE PE AO1

• anaerobic


  working in the absence of of enough or without oxygen
• antagonist


  acts to produce the opposite action of the agonist
• blood pressure

  systolic - heart contracting

  diastolic - heart relaxing
• capillary


  one cell thick blood vessel that allows the exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues of the body
• adduction 


  movement towards the midline of the body
• carbohydrate


  the body’s preferred energy source
• agility


  the ability to move and change direction quickly whilst maintaining control
• cardiac cycle


  the process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricles 
• ability


  inherited, stable traits that determine an individuals potential to learn or acquire a skill
• cardiac output


  the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute stroke volume x heart rate
• arousal


  a physical and mental state of alterness and readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement/alterness
• cardio vascular endurance 


  the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles
• aerobic training zone

  220-age (maximum HR)60-80% of maximum HR
• altitude 


  a geographical area which is 2,000m above sea level
• circuit training


  a series of exercise stations whereby periods of work are followed by periods of rest
• altitude sickness


  nausea caused by training at altitude
• circumduction


  turning or circular motion around a joint 
• aerobic 


  exercise in the presence of or using oxygen 
• closed season (post season)


  period of rest to recuperate players doing gentle aerobic exercise to maintain general fitnessfully rested and ready for pre-season training
• backflow


  the flowing backwards of the blood. valves in the veins prevent this from happening
• commercialisation


  to manage or exploit in a way designed to make a profit e.g. sponsorships 
• coordination


  the ability to use two or more body parts smoothly 
• amateur


  takes part in activity as a hobby, rather than for financial gain

  has another main job outside the sport takes part for fun

  could be at a lower level
• continuous training


  involves working for a sustained period of time without rest. this improves cardiovascular fitness.
• axis


  • longitudinal - head to toe
  • transverse - through the hips
  • sagittal - through the belly button
• deep breathing 


  relaxation technique which involves a performer exaggerating their breaths in and out
• artery


  blood vessel with small lumen and thick muscular walls. carries blood away from the heart 
• dehydration


  excessive loss of body water interrupting the function of the body 
• aggression


  a deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, which can be physical or mental
• direct aggression


  aggressive act which involves physical contact with others e.g. a punch
• alveoli


  air sacs in the lungs 
• delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)

  the pain felt in the muscles the day after exercise
• adrenaline


  natural hormone released to speed up the heart rate
• dorsiflexion 


  raising the toes towards the tibia
• competition season

  playing season

  taking part in matches every week

  maintenance of fitness related to activity but not too much training as it may cause fatigue, which would decrease performance concentration on skills/set plays to improve team performance 
• excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)


  amount of oxygen needed after exercise to recover

  enables lactic acid to be converted to glucose, oxygen and water

  explains why we continue to breathe deeply and quickly after exercise.
• expire


  breathe out
• extrinsic feedback


  received from outside the performer e.g. the coach 
• extension


  movement that causes the angle at a joint decreases 
• extrinsic motivation


  the drive to perform well or to win in order to gain external rewards