Computer Science

• Arrays are a type of data structure that stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type.
• A parity check is a type of error detection method that checks the number of 1s and 0s in a data block
• The purpose of a parity bit is to detect errors during transmission or storage by ensuring an odd or even number of bits in a byte, word, or other unit of information.
• Parity check is a method used to detect errors in data transmission
• Parity check involves adding an extra bit to binary data to make the total number of ones either even or odd
• Even parity involves adding a bit to make the total number of ones even
• Odd parity involves adding a bit to make the total number of ones odd
• During transmission, the receiver checks the parity bit to see if the number of ones is correct
• If the number of ones is incorrect, an error is detected and the data is requested to be resent
• Parity check is a simple and effective method to detect errors in data transmission
• Checksums are used to verify the integrity of data during transmission
• Echo checks involve sending data and receiving it back to confirm successful transmission
• Checksums and echo checks are important for ensuring data accuracy and reliability in computer systems
• Checksums are used to verify the integrity of data during transmission
• Echo checks involve sending data back to the sender to confirm it was received correctly
• Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access
• Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form
• Encryption algorithms are used to perform encryption and decryption processes
• Common encryption algorithms include AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)
• Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access
• Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form
• Symmetric encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption
• Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption
• Common encryption algorithms include AES, RSA, and DES
• Encryption is essential for securing data during transmission over networks
• Decryption is necessary to access and read encrypted data
• Symmetric encryption:

  • Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption
  • Fast and efficient for large amounts of data
• Asymmetric encryption:

  • Uses a pair of keys (public and private) for encryption and decryption
  • Slower than symmetric encryption but more secure
• Digital signatures:

  • Created using a private key to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message
  • Provides non-repudiation
• Types of encryption:
• Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access
• Symmetric encryption:

  • Uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt data
  • Faster but less secure than asymmetric encryption
• Asymmetric encryption:

  • Uses a pair of keys (public and private) to encrypt and decrypt data
  • Slower but more secure than symmetric encryption
• Popular encryption algorithms include:

  • AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
  • RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)
  • DES (Data Encryption Standard)
• A packet is a small unit of data that can be transmitted from a sending device to a receiving device via a network communication protocol.
•  Generally, a packet consists of three major parts:

  1. Header
  2. Payload
  3. Trailer
• The header   of a packet contains information used by routers to determine the source and destination of a packet.
• The payload   is the part of a data packet that carries the actual data.\
• The trailer   is the part of the packet that tells the receiving device that the end of the packet has been reached 
• In parallel transmission, multiple wires are used to connect the sending device and the receiving device.