Types of long term memory

• Long Term Memory - Tulving

  rejects multi store model view of long term memory and views it as being too simplistic and proposed three LTM stores- episodic, semantic and procedural
• Episodic Memory

  Memories of events from our life

  They are 'time stamped'

  Have to be recalled conciously and with effort

  Declarative
• Semantic Memory

  Knowledge of the world - facts, meanings and concepts

  Are not time stamped

  Need to be recalled delibaretly

  Declarative
• Procedural Memory

  Knowledge of how to do things including memories of motor skills/actions/muscle memories

  Do not require concious effort

  Non - Declarative
• AO3: LTM Clinical Evidence

  Case of HM - episodic memory had been impaired but semantic memory was relatively unaffected and procedural memory was still intact - supporitng the idea that there are multiple memory stores in the LTM
• AO3: LTM Clinical Evodence +

  Case of Clive Wearing - suffered from a severe form of amnesia that resulted from an infection which damaged his hippocampus and associated areas - his episodic memory was severely impaired but semantic memory was relatively unaffected, procedural memory was also still intact
• AO3: LTM Problems with Clinical Evidence

  Case of Clive and HM are case studies

  This means it solely focuses on one person and cannot be generalised to the general population

  Their problems also cannot be replicated as they are resulted from surgery and infection
• AO3: LTM Brain Scans +

  Tulving had used PET scans to test what parts of the brain ppts use when performing various memory tasks

  Results show that the left prefrontal cortex is used to recall semantic memories and right prefrontal cortex is used to recall episodic memories

  Different parts of the brain being used shows that there are different stores for LTM
• AO3: LTM Real life Application +

  Identifying types of LTM allows psychologists to target certain kinds of memory in order to improve individuals

  Bellville (2006) worked with older people who had mild cognitive impairement that had worsened their episodic memories - they were able to train and improve their episodic memories