Chapter 4: Flagellates

• Flagellate belong to the phylum protozoa and are member of of the subphylum mastigophora.
• Intestinal species

  • Giardia intestinalis
  • Chilomastix mesnili
  • Dientamoeba fraginalis
  • Trichomonas hominis
  • Enteromonas hominis
  • Retortamonas intestinalis
• Extraintestinal species

  • Trichomonas tenax
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
• GIARDIA LAMBLIA

  ( CYST )

  • SIZE : 8-15 um
  • SHAPE: oval
  • NUCLEI: 4
  • FEATURES: axoneme; parabasal bodies; remnant of flagella
• CHILOMASTIX MESNILI

  ( CYST)

  • SIZE: 7-10 um
  • SHAPE: lemon or nipple shaped
  • NUCLEI: 1
  • FEATURES : curved fibril alongside of cytostome refered as " shepherd crook "
• Enteromonas hominis

  ( CYST )

  • SIZE : 6-8 um
  • SHAPE : ellipsoid
  • NUCLEI : 2-4
  • FEATURES : bipolar of nuclei resembles E. nana cyst
• Retortamonas intestinalis

  ( CYST )

  • SIZE : 4-7 um
  • SHAPE : ovoid or pyriform
  • NUCLEI : 4-7
  • FEATURES : cytostome extends above nucleus, resembles C. mesnili cyst
  • ( bird beak appearance)
• CHILOMASTIX MESNILI

  (Trophozoite )

  • SIZE: 15-7 um
  • MOTILITY: Spiral/ rotary
  • NUCLEI: 1
  • FLAGELLATE : 4
  • FEATURES: prominent cytostome with spiral groove
• ENTEROMONAS HOMINIS (Trophozoite)

  • SIZE : 8-9 um
  • MOTILITY: jerky
  • NUCLEI: 1
  • FLAGELLA: 4
  • FEATURES : one sided flattened
• RETORTAMONAS INTESTINALIS

  (Trophozoite)

  • SIZE : 6-7 um
  • MOTILITY: jerky
  • NUCLEI: 1
  • FLAGELLA: 2
  • FEATURES : cytostome extends 1/2 the length of body
• DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS

  ( TROPHOZOITE )

  • SIZE : 5-15 um
  • MOTILITY: nonprogressive
  • NUCLEI: 1-2
  • FLAGELLA: --
  • FEATURES : multiple hyaline leaf like pseudopodia nucleus has fragmented
• TRICHOMONAS HOMINIS

  ( TROPHOZOITE)

  • SIZE : 7-13 um
  • MOTILITY: Rapid jerky tumbling
  • NUCLEI: 1
  • FLAGELLA: 5
  • FEATURES : long undulating membrane axostyle and fine , scattered granules
• GIARDIA LAMBLIA

  (Trophozoite)

  • SIZE : 15-10 um
  • MOTILITY: falling leaf
  • NUCLEI: 2
  • FLAGELLA: 8
  • FEATURES : prominent sucking disc and axostyle
  • ( Old man w/ eyeglasses)
• Giardia lamblia - can cause giardiasis, lambliasis or traveler's diarrhea and has been associated with homosexual man with gay bowel syndrome
• Dientamoeba fragilis - intemittent diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
• Trichomonas vaginalis - cause nonspecific vaginalis, urethritis or prostatitis, foul-smelling discharge.
• Trichomonas tenax

  SIZE: 5-12 um

  AXOSTYLE: thick

  UNDULATING MEMBRANE: almost as long as costa

  INCLUSION : few discrete granules
• Trichomonas hominis

  • SIZE: 7-13 um
  • AXOSTYLE: semi-grid
  • UNDULATING MEMBRANE: as long as Acosta
  • INCLUSION : fine, scattered granules
• Trichomonas vaginalis

  • SIZE: 7-23 um
  • AXOSTYLE: split into fibrils
  • UNDULATING MEMBRANE: 2/3 pr 1/2 of costa
  • INCLUSION : large amount of sliderophile granules