They aim to restore chemical imbalances in the brain.
What are the two types of drug therapy commonly used in the treatment of OCD?
Anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drugs.
Benzodiazepines (BZs) are anti-anxiety drugs that boost the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA, which signals neurons in the brain to ‘slow down’ and ‘stop firing’. GABA binds to receptor sites at the synapse, increasing the flow of chloride ions into neurons, making it harder for them to be stimulated by other neurotransmitters. This calming effect on the brain reduces anxiety associated with obsessive thoughts in OCD.
What are SSRIs?
An SSRI is a type of antidepressant which is the standard treatment for OCD. It works to enhance mood and alleviate the anxiety that's caused by obsessions.
How do SSRI's work?
When serotonin is released from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, it binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron to transmit its signal. Normally, any excess serotonin is reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron. SSRIs work by preventing reabsorption, which increases the amount of serotonin available in the synapse. This prolonged presence of serotonin enhances the stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron and is thought to help improve mood and reduce the symptoms of depression associated with OCD.
What is used if SSRIs prove to be ineffective?
SNRI's are used instead, which elevate both serotonin and noradrenaline levels.
