building techniques concrete

• Concrete is made by mixing cement, water, sand, gravel or crushed stone.
• Slump test is a test for determining the compressive strength of a concrete batch, using hydraulic press.
• compression test is a method for determining the consistency and workability of freshly mixed concrete.
• formwork is a temporary structure required to support newly placed concrete.
• chair is a device for supporting and holding the steel reinforcement in proper position before and during the placing of concrete.
• bolster is a wide chair for supporting and spacing bottom bars in a concrete beam or slab
• agitator truck is a truck equipped with a rotating drum to prevent segregation or loss of plasticity of the ready mixed concrete.
• truck mixer is a truck that equipped with a rotating drum and a seperate water tank for mixing concrete.
• concrete mixer is a machine that haves a revolving drum, often motor driven for mixing cement
• shotcrete is a lightweight concrete construction consisting of a mixture of cement, sand or crushed slag and water pumped through a hose and sprayed at high velocity over reinforcement until the desired thickness is reached
• darby is a long wooden or metal straightedge for smoothing a fresh concrete surface.
• screed is a wooden or metal straightedge drawn over a newly placed concrete slab to bring it to a proper level.
• float is a flat tool for spreading and smoothing fresh concrete,stucco, or plaster surface.
• bull float is a float having a large, flat blade attached to a long handle.
• trowel is any various flat bladed hand tools for applying, spreading, working or smoothing plastic material.
• edger is a trowel having a long curved up for a rounding the edges of a fresh concrete slab as its begin to set
• honeycomb is a void in a formed concrete surface.
• spalling is the chipping or scaling of a hardened concrete or masonry surface caused by freeze-thaw cycles.
• sonotube is a trademark for a brand of cylindrical column form made of compressed resin - impregnated paper.
• crazing is a numerous hairline cracks occurring in the surface of a newly hardened concrete slab.
• lime is one of the oldest manufactured building materials used as mortar and plaster by egyptians, greek, romans
• quicklime is a carbonate decomposed into carbon dioxide.
• slaking or hydration is the water process before having quick lime
• hydraulic lime is set underwater
• gypsum was used as plaster by egyptians, greeks and romans
• cement was first developed by the romans which is now called portland cement
• the cement should be stored 12 inches or 300mm from the ground.
• the pile of cement should be limited to 12 stacks
• aggregates are inert mineral fillers.
• coarse aggregate consist of crushed stones, gravel.
• water-cement ratio is the amount of water used per bag of cement