The sign test

• What is the first step in the Sign Test starter exercise?

  Complete the Sign Test starter exercise
• Why was Spearman’s Rho chosen for the investigation?

  It is appropriate for non-parametric data
• What is the significance level used in the Sign Test?

  p=0.05
• What does the calculated value need to be for significance?

  Equal to or less than the critical value
• What is the hypothesis regarding the word search activity?

  Significant difference in words found standing vs sitting
• What are the steps to determine significance in the Sign Test?

  1. Determine +/- signs
  2. Count +’s and –’s
  3. Calculate N (participants)
  4. Compare S to critical value
• What is the critical value for a one-tailed sign test with N=12?


  2
• What happens if the calculated value of S exceeds the critical value?

  The result is not significant
• What is the critical value for a one-tailed sign test with N=20?

  5
• What does it mean if S=5 is equal to the critical value for N=20?

  The result is significant at p=0.05
• What is the critical value for a two-tailed sign test with N=12?


  2
• What should be stated if the calculated value of S exceeds the critical value?

  The null hypothesis is accepted
• What is the critical value for a one-tailed sign test with N=13?


  3
• What is the significance of the value of S in the Sign Test?

  It determines if results are significant
• Why is the 5% level of significance used instead of 1%?

  It balances Type I and Type II errors
• What is the relationship being investigated in the study?

  Hours slept and how well rested participants feel
• When should the Sign Test be used?

  • Difference between two groups
  • Related design (matched pairs or repeated measures)
  • Data is at least nominal
• What level of data is used for word search scores?

  Ordinal
• How is ordinal data converted to nominal data in this study?

  By taking column B away from column A
• Why are + and - signs important in the Sign Test?

  They determine the calculated value of S
• What should be ignored when counting signs in the Sign Test?

  = signs
• What is the calculated value of S?

  The smallest number of +’s or –’s
• What is the significance of the critical value in hypothesis testing?

  It determines acceptance or rejection of hypothesis
• What is the purpose of the Sign Test?

  To determine differences between related samples
• What does a one-tailed test imply in hypothesis testing?

  It tests for a specific direction of effect
• How does the Sign Test handle tied values?

  Tied values are disregarded in calculations
• What is the significance of the null hypothesis in the Sign Test?

  It states there is no effect or difference
• What is the role of the critical value table in the Sign Test?

  It provides thresholds for significance
• How does the Sign Test contribute to inferential statistics?

  It allows conclusions about populations from samples