Genetic Engineering

• What is genetic engineering?

  Modification of an organism's DNA
• How is a gene transferred from one organism to another in genetic engineering?

  Through techniques like transformation or transfection
• What is the role of enzymes in genetic engineering?

  They cut and join DNA fragments
• What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

  An organism with altered DNA
• How is insulin made using genetic engineering?

  By inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria
• What is the purpose of a vector in genetic engineering?

  To carry and deliver genes into host cells
• How can bacteria be used in genetic engineering?

  As hosts for gene cloning and protein production
• Why is genetic engineering used in medicine?

  To produce therapeutic proteins and vaccines
• What are two advantages of genetic engineering?

  Increased crop yields and disease resistance