cell structure

• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material.
• Nucleolus - site of ribosome synthesis
• Chromatin - DNA wrapped around proteins (histones)
• Nuclear envelope - double membrane with nuclear pores that allow substances to enter/exit
• Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through aerobic respiration.
• Ribosomes synthesize proteins using information from DNA.
• Ribosomes are small structures found inside cells where protein synthesis occurs.
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in lipid and protein synthesis.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes used for intracellular digestion.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials within cells.
• Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins for transport within or outside the cell.
• Smooth ER has no ribosomes on its surface and is involved in detoxification processes.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, or waste products in plant cells.
• Cell wall - rigid outer layer made up of polysaccharides that protects against osmotic pressure changes
• Animal cells do not have central vacuoles but may have small vesicles called lysosomes.
• Plant vacuoles are surrounded by a membrane called tonoplast.