DNA is made up of four nucleotides:adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
RNA molecules are typically shorter than DNA molecules.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is similar to DNA, but with some key differences:
The sequence of these bases determines the genetic information encoded by DNA.
Translation is carried out by ribosomes that move along an mRNA strand, reading its codons one at a time and adding corresponding amino acids from tRNAs.
During translation, ribosomes read the genetic code by matching three-base sequences (codons) on the mRNA with complementary anticodon triplets on tRNAs carrying specific amino acids.
DNA stores genetic information and replicates during cell division.
The strands are held together by base pairs between the nucleotides.
The sequence of bases on the mRNA molecule determines which amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.
DNA contains deoxyribonucleotides, while RNA contains ribonucleotides.
Each type of nucleotide has a different sugar attached to it - deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.