DNA and RNA

Cards (11)

  • DNA is made up of four nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
  • RNA molecules are typically shorter than DNA molecules.
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is similar to DNA, but with some key differences:
  • The sequence of these bases determines the genetic information encoded by DNA.
  • Translation is carried out by ribosomes that move along an mRNA strand, reading its codons one at a time and adding corresponding amino acids from tRNAs.
  • During translation, ribosomes read the genetic code by matching three-base sequences (codons) on the mRNA with complementary anticodon triplets on tRNAs carrying specific amino acids.
  • DNA stores genetic information and replicates during cell division.
  • The strands are held together by base pairs between the nucleotides.
  • The sequence of bases on the mRNA molecule determines which amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.
  • DNA contains deoxyribonucleotides, while RNA contains ribonucleotides.
  • Each type of nucleotide has a different sugar attached to it - deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.