organisation - incomplete

Created by

Catherine

Cards (61)

risk factor of cancer 
Alcohol, smoking, obesity, genetics,uv,viral infection
why does smoking increase cancer?
cause lung cancer and bowel
What is a maligant tumor?
cancers. They invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours.
what is a benign tumour
A growth of abnormal cells which is contained in one area within the body and will not invade other body parts.isnt usallaly dangerous
what is cancer caused by?
uncontrolled cell growth and division
what does drinking to much alcohol do?
cuase liver disease and effect brain function
What does obesity lead to?
An increased risk of type 2 diabetes by making the body less sensitive or resistant to insulin.
what does smoking do to the body? 
cause cardiovascular disease,lung disease and lung cancer as it damages the walls of the arteries and the cells in the lung.
what is a risk factor?
anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other health problems
what affects your health?
if you have a good balanced diet
stress
having access to health care
why does a weaker immune system mean people caught disease more?
their body cannot fight off infection
what are non communicable diseases?
Diseases that cannot be spread between people or between animals . They generally last for a long time and get worse slowly. Example include asthma, cancer and coronary heart disease
what are communicable diseases? 
Diseases that can be spread from person to person or between animals and people. They can be caused by pathogens and can be described as contagious or infectious. Examples include measles and malaria
what is health?
The state of physical and mental wellbeing
Why is artificial blood used?
If there is a huge loss of blood, replace lost volume of blood
why are biological and mechanical valves used?
valves can become weakend or damaged and cause tissue to stiffen or become leaky so blood doesnt circulate as efffectively.
disadvantages of artificial hearts
-Surgery for artificial heart can lead to bleeding and infection.
-Artificial hearts don't work as healthy
-Parts could wear out or the electrical motor could fail.
-Blood flow doesn't flow through artificial hearts as smoothly, which can cause blood clots and lead to strokes.
The patient has to take drugs to thin their blood to avoid clotting, which can cause problems if they're hurt in an accident.
advantage of artificial hearts?
allows the patient to live a fairly normal life whilst they wait for a transplant.bodies dont reject them as they arent seen as foreign objects
Why are artificial hearts used?
to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery
what are the disadvantages of statins?
1) Statins are a long-term drug that must be taken regularly. There's the risk that someone could forget to take them. 2) Statins can sometimes cause
negative side effects, e.g. headaches. Some of these side effects can be serious, e.g. kidney failure, liver damage and memory loss.
3) The effect of statins isn't instant: it takes time for their effect to kick in.
what are the advantages of statins?
1) By reducing the amount of 'bad' cholesterol in the blood, statins can reduce the risk of strokes, coronary heart disease and heart attacks.
2) As well as reducing the amount of 'bad'
cholesterol, statins can increase the amount of a beneficial type of cholesterol (known as 'good' or HDL cholesterol) in your bloodstream. This type can remove 'bad' cholesterol from the blood.
3) Some studies suggest that statins may also help prevent some other diseases.
What is cholesterol?
An essential lipid that your body produces and needs to function properly
What do statins do?
reduce cholesterol in blood they are drugs to slow down fatty deposits
disadvantages of stents 
Risk of complications during the operation
Risk of infection from surgery
Risk of patients developing a blood clot near the stent- thrombosis
advanatges of stents
lower risk of heart attack.
effective for a long time.
recovery time is relatively quick
What is coranary heart disease?
when coranary arteries get blocked by layes of fatty material making the arteries become narrow so blood flow is restricted therefore lack of oxygen to heart.
what do stents do?
They keep arteries open to treat coronary heart disease.
What is cardiovascular disease?
a disease of the heart and blood vessels
what does platelets carry?
red and white blood cells and platelets, glucose and amino acids,carbon dioxide,urea,hormones,proteins and antibodies and antitoxins
what does plasma do?
The liquid that carries everything in the blood
What do platelets do?
help blood clot
What is phagocytosis? 
eat unwelcome microorganism
what does white blood cell do?
defend against infection
What is haemoglobin?
binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin.
what red pigment does the red blood cell contain?
haemoglobin
why doesnt red blood cell not have nucleus?
to carry more oxygen
what is the shape of a red blood cell?
bioconcave disc to give a large surface area for absorbing oxygen
what is the function of a red blood cell?
Carry oxygen around the body
How big is the lumen of veins?
they have a bigger lumen than artery
how thick are veins walls?
not as thick as artery as blood is at a lower pressure.