1: Origin of Life

• Phylogenetic Tree


  Shows relationships between organisms based on molecular data.
• Protists


  Unicellular eukaryotes (with a nucleus).
• Tetrapods


  Organisms with four legs.
• Deutrostomes


  Reptiles and birds.
• Metazomes


  Organisms that have more than two cells.
• Eukaryotes

  Cells that have a nucleus.
• Prokaryote


  Unicellular organisms without a nucleus.
• Cyanobacteria

  Anaerobic bacteria that were the first life forms on Earth.
• Xanthine


  Purine base found in the human body and other organisms.
• Oxidation


  Loss of electrons.
• RNA


  A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages.
• Mainstream Science


  The prevailing body of scientific knowledge, theories, and methodologies accepted by the scientific community at a given time.
• Divine Forces


  Concept of supernatural or divine forces responsible for the origin and development of life forms on Earth, often within religious or mythological narratives.
• Supernatural Creation


  Belief in the creation of the universe, Earth, and life by a supernatural entity, often rooted in religious or spiritual traditions.
• Isotopic Analyses


  Examination of the composition and distribution of isotopes in a substance, offering valuable information about geological and biological processes.
• Murchison Meteorite


  Meteorite that fell in Victoria, Australia in 1969, containing a rich array of organic compounds, providing insights into the prebiotic chemistry.
• Untestable Theories


  Concepts or hypotheses that cannot be subjected to experimental verification or refutation, often beyond the scope of scientific inquiry.
• Testable Theories


  Scientific theories that can be experimentally verified or refuted through empirical evidence.
• Amino Acids


  Building blocks of proteins, found in outer space and on meteorites, possibly contributing to the origin of life on Earth.
• Ribozymes

  RNA molecules capable of catalyzing a wide range of chemical reactions, potentially playing a role in early biochemical processes.
• Oparin and Haldane


  Scientists in the 1920s who proposed the idea of organic compound formation from simple molecules in the early Earth's atmosphere.
• Electromagnetism


  Fundamental interaction between electrically charged particles, governing various physical phenomena.
• Gravity Force


  Fundamental force that emerged approximately 10-43 of a second after the Big Bang, influencing the structure and evolution of the universe.
• Miller & Urey Experiment


  Landmark 1953 experiment simulating early Earth conditions, resulting in the formation of organic compounds from inorganic precursors.
• Cyanobacteria


  Photosynthetic bacteria that emerged around 3.5 billion years ago, significantly contributing to the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere.
• Anaerobic Bacteria


  Microorganisms that can survive and thrive in environments devoid of oxygen, potentially resembling early life forms on Earth.
• Intelligent Design


  Often debated in the context of evolution.
• Intelligent Design


  Belief that the complexity of life forms is best explained by the involvement of an intelligent creator.
• Self-replicating RNA


  RNA molecules capable of producing copies of themselves, potentially playing a role in early genetic replication
• Protocells


  Primitive structures with a membrane-like boundary, considered as potential precursors to modern cells.
• Abiotic Synthesis


  Creates a protocol/
• Abiotic Synthesis


  Such as organic molecules under environmental conditions.
• Abiotic Synthesis


  Organic compounds formed from non-living materials.
• Chemical Evolution


  Concept suggesting that life arose from inorganic molecules through gradual chemical processes, possibly in primordial Earth's environment.
• Extraterrestrial (Panspermia)


  Life was carried to earth like seeds.
• Extraterrestrial (Panspermia)


  Hypothesis that life on Earth originated from microorganisms or biochemical compounds transported through space, potentially by meteorites
• Creationism


  Belief that a supernatural being created the universe, Earth, and life, and based on religious texts.
• Elementary Particles


  Can't be divided into sub-particles.
• Elementary Particles


  Such as electrons and quarks.
• Elementary Particles


  Fundamental particles not composed of other particles.