Cell

• two types of cells

  Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic cells- larger and more complex.

  They have structures inside that have specific functions called organells (mini organs)
• Living things that are made up of only one cells are called unicellular
• Living things that are made up of more than one cells are called multicelluar
• Biological molecules (biomolecules) are large molecules (group of atoms) that are found in living things and perform important functions.
• Cell membrane: A semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Cytosol: The watery fluid that surronds all the organelles. It's important that the cytosol is watery, as lots of molecules and organells must trave; to diffrent parts of the cell through the cytosol
• Nucleus: contains genetic material and controls cell activities.
• Mitochondria: Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouses. These organells package the energy of food into ATP molecules, which can be used by the cells to do its functions.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes found in the cytoplasm.
• Rough ER: where most of the cell's protein synthesis occurs.
• Smooth ER: makes lipids in the cell. The smooth ER also helps to process and detoxify harmful substances found in the cell
• Golgi Complex: The organelle that sorts and ships proteins produced in the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Cytoskeleton: Helps shape and support the cell. It also helps move things around the cell.
• Lysosome: Helps to break down large molecules into pieces that the cell can use.
• Vacuole: the Vacuole contains large amounts of water and stores other important materials such as sugars, ions, pigments.
• Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis, where photosynthesis occurs.

  Light energy from sun is converted into chemical energy that living things can use. Chloroplasrs contain tiny pigmenst called chlorophylls, which give plants their green colour.
• Cell wall: provides protections and support for plants
• Ribosome: Ribosomes use a form of DNA instructions to make proteins that the cell needs

  Some Ribosomes are found by themselves in the cytosol/cytoplasm, but most are attached to the (ER)
• Nucleolus: found inside nucleus, where ribosomes are made
• Nuclear DNA: contains genetic information for the cells to grow, live, perform their functions, and reproduce.
• Centrioles: found only in animal cells, where they help make cytoskeleton. They come into action during cell division.