IGCSE Edexcel Biology Double Awards (All Topic for revision)

Created by

Aidan Lee

Cards (200)

What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
Examples of asexual reproduction plant
Runners, bulbs and tubers
What is stomata?
openings in the lower surface of a leaf that allow gas exchange
What is the benefit of root hair cell of plant?
Huge surface area
Wide spread to reach water supply
What is phloem? 
Transports nutrients produced during photosynthesis
What is xylem?
vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
What mineral does the plant requires?
Magnesium for chlorophyll
Nitrates for leaf and shoot production
Phosphates for reactions of photosynthesis and respiration
Potassium for flowers and fruit
What decrease the rate of transpiration?
Humidity
What effect the rate of transpiration?
Lights, temperature, humidity, and wind speed
What is transpiration?
The evaporation of water vapour from the aerial part of the plant (via the stomata).
How does the structure of lead is adapted for photosynthesis
Thin and flat
Short distance to diffuses
As much light can be absorbed
Upper epidermis is translucent that allows sunlight in
Palisade cells contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight
Water supplies from the vein
Carbon dioxide from the stomata
What is the word equation of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.
What is the effect of geotropism
Stem goes negative, roots goes positive
What is the light response hormone in plant?
Auxin
What is the three stimulus of a plant?
Light, gravity, water
What is the three tropism response that a plant have?
Phototropism, geotropism, hydrotropism
What is tropism?
a plant's response to an external stimulus
What is ADH?
produced in the pituitary gland, reabsorbs water
What is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone which converts glucose into glycogen (when blood sugar levels are too high)
What is testosterone?
Male sex hormone that controls the development
What is progesterone?
Like the estrogens, a female sex hormone that regulate the menstrual cycle, it completes the development of the uterus lining
What is oestrogen? 
The female hormone produced by the ovaries
What is adrenaline?
The fight or flight hormones
Features of Endocrine system
Transport hormones by bloodstream
Chemical impulses
Slowly and take longer to act
Response is long lasting
Widespread effect on different organs
Features of nervous system
Transport by nerve cells
Electrical impulses
Travel fast and instant effect
Response is usually short lived
Act on individual cells
What does coordinated response requires?
Stimulus, a receptor and an effector
Examples of homeostasis
blood pH, body temperature, O2 levels, hormones,
What does selective reabsorption of glucose occurs?
The proximal convoluted tubule
What is the kidney's role?
Excretion and osmoregulation
What is the role of ADH?
Regulating the water content of blood
What is urine made up of?
water, urea and other cellular wastes
The structure of nephrons 
Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henley and collecting ducts.
Where does ultrafiltration occur?
Bowman's capsule
What is ultrafiltration?
Hydraulic pressure squeezes excess water out of the blood into the dialysate.
What is internal environment? 
The surroundings of the cells inside the body
What is osmoregulation? 
the control of water balance
Definition of excretion
The removal of the waste product
Definition of homeostasis 
Conditions are kept relatively constant in bodies
What are the two valves inside heart
Atrium (upper chamber) and Ventricle (lower chamber)